McGhee C N, Gullan R W, Miller J D
Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Scotland.
Br J Neurosurg. 1987;1(2):271-5. doi: 10.3109/02688698709035311.
In a 5-year period during which 7,178 patients with head injury were admitted to a regional head injury unit, 191 motorcyclists (2.7%) were admitted with head injuries of which 76% were classified as minor, 6% as moderate and 18% as severe (in coma). Two thirds of the patients were aged 20 years or less. Eighty-two riders (43%) had some form of facial or scalp trauma and 37 (19%) sustained skull fracture. Intracranial haematomas requiring surgical evacuation were detected in 3 of the minor head injuries (2%), 2 of the moderate injuries (17%) and 11 of the severely head injured patients (32%). Twenty-nine of the 34 severely injured patients were managed using artificial ventilation and intracranial pressure monitoring. The remaining patients died before these measures could be instituted. Overall mortality was 7%, but deaths were restricted to the severely head injured, among whom there were 13 fatalities. Head injuries associated with motorcycle riding include an unduly high proportion of severe cases and occur in a young population, often within a short time of starting to ride a motorcycle. Protective headgear was virtually always worn (94%); to reduce morbidity further, increased training and supervision during the first 6 months of motorcycle ownership should be emphasized.
在一个5年期间，有7178例头部受伤患者被收治到某地区头部损伤治疗中心，其中191例（2.7%）为骑摩托车者头部受伤，其中76%被归类为轻伤，6%为中度伤，18%为重伤（昏迷）。三分之二的患者年龄在20岁及以下。82名骑手（43%）有某种形式的面部或头皮创伤，37名（19%）发生颅骨骨折。在轻伤患者中有3例（2%）检测到需要手术清除的颅内血肿，中度伤患者中有2例（17%），重伤患者中有11例（32%）。34名重伤患者中有29名采用人工通气和颅内压监测进行治疗。其余患者在采取这些措施之前死亡。总体死亡率为7%，但死亡仅限于重伤患者，其中有13例死亡。与骑摩托车相关的头部损伤包括比例过高的严重病例，且发生在年轻人群中，通常是在开始骑摩托车后的短时间内。几乎所有患者（94%）都佩戴了防护头盔；为了进一步降低发病率，应强调在拥有摩托车的头6个月内加强培训和监管。
