Siebert Ursula, Blanchet Marie-Anne, Teilmann Jonas, Anderson Hansen Kirstin, Kristensen Jakob, Bunskoek Paulien, Dietz Rune, Desforges Jean-Pierre, Sonne Christian, Desportes Geneviève
Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Büsum, Germany; Marine Mammal Research, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark.
Fjord and Belt, Kerteminde, Denmark; Norwegian College of Fishery Science, the Arctic University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.
Environ Int. 2020 Oct;143:105937. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105937. Epub 2020 Jul 13.
Harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in the Baltic Sea are under increasing pressure from anthropogenic activities, which affect the overall health of populations. Individuals' haematologic and biochemistry parameters are known to be linked to a population's health status and are therefore useful tools for cross-population comparisons and to assess health patterns of a population through time. However, it is often difficult to acquire data representing the full range of values and assess the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Here, we present the range of haematology and blood chemistry values obtained from 46 wild (n = 54 blood samples) individuals incidentally caught in pound-nets and five porpoises in long-term human care (n = 449 blood samples) from an outdoor semi-open facility in Denmark. Although it was not possible to formally test the differences between samples from free-ranging and captive individuals, lymphocyte values were lower for free-ranging animals whereas eosinophils and white blood cell values were higher in captive individuals. Aspartate aminotransferase and alanin aminotransferase values were also lower for captive individuals compared to free-ranging ones. Age group did not influence any of the blood parameters tested for free-ranging individuals. Sodium values were higher for males compared to females. Values were higher and lower in the fall for platelets and lactic acid dehydrogenase, respectively, compared to the other seasons. Based on samples yielded by individuals in long-term human care, haemoglobin, mean cell volume, white blood cells, absolute lymphocyte count, and alkaline phosphatase values were all influenced by health status based on clinical examination. These are therefore candidate parameters to assess health status of wild porpoises. Our results underline that it is essential to obtain ranges of reference values for all haematologic and biochemistry markers in order to assess health status of free-ranging individuals. Individuals in human care provide the opportunity to observe biological and ecological determinates (e.g. age, season) of long-term biomarker response patterns and to assess the suite of biomarkers best suited to predict individual health status.
波罗的海的港湾鼠海豚（Phocoena phocoena）正面临来自人类活动的日益增加的压力，这些活动影响着种群的整体健康。已知个体的血液学和生物化学参数与种群的健康状况相关，因此是进行跨种群比较以及随时间评估种群健康模式的有用工具。然而，获取代表完整值范围的数据并评估内在和外在因素的影响往往很困难。在此，我们展示了从丹麦一个户外半开放式设施中意外捕获于围网的46只野生个体（n = 54份血样）以及长期人工饲养的5只鼠海豚（n = 449份血样）获得的血液学和血液化学值范围。尽管无法正式测试自由放养个体和圈养个体样本之间的差异，但自由放养动物的淋巴细胞值较低，而圈养个体的嗜酸性粒细胞和白细胞值较高。与自由放养个体相比，圈养个体的天冬氨酸转氨酶和丙氨酸转氨酶值也较低。年龄组对自由放养个体所测试的任何血液参数均无影响。雄性的钠值高于雌性。与其他季节相比，血小板和乳酸脱氢酶的值在秋季分别较高和较低。基于长期人工饲养个体的样本，血红蛋白、平均细胞体积、白细胞、绝对淋巴细胞计数和碱性磷酸酶值均受基于临床检查的健康状况影响。因此，这些是评估野生鼠海豚健康状况的候选参数。我们的结果强调，为了评估自由放养个体的健康状况，获取所有血液学和生物化学标志物的参考值范围至关重要。人工饲养的个体提供了观察长期生物标志物反应模式的生物学和生态学决定因素（如年龄、季节）以及评估最适合预测个体健康状况的生物标志物组合的机会。
