果皮生长动态与不同种植密度和夜间温度升高条件下小麦最终粒重相关。
Pericarp growth dynamics associate with final grain weight in wheat under contrasting plant densities and increased night temperature.
机构信息
Graduate School, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile.
Institute of Plant Production and Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile.
出版信息
Ann Bot. 2020 Oct 30;126(6):1063-1076. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcaa131.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
The pericarp weight comprises <17 % of wheat grain weight at harvest. The pericarp supports the hydration and nutrition of both the embryo and endosperm during early grain filling. However, studies of the pericarp and its association with final grain weight have been scarce. This research studied the growth dynamics of wheat pericarp from anthesis onwards and its relationship to final grain weight under contrasting plant densities and night warming.
METHODS
Two spring wheat cultivars contrasting in kernel weight (Bacanora and Kambara) were sown in field conditions during seasons 2012-13 and 2014-15. Both genotypes were grown under contrasting plant density (control, 370 plants m-2; and low plant density, 44 plants m-2) and night temperatures, i.e. at ambient and increased (>6 °C) temperature for short periods before and after anthesis. From anthesis onward, grains were harvested every 3 or 4 d. Grain samples were measured and the pericarp was removed with a scalpel. Whole grain and pericarp fresh and dry weight were weighed with a precision balance. At harvest, 20 grains from ten spikes were weighed and grain dimensions were measured.
KEY RESULTS
Fresh weight, dry matter and water content of pericarp dynamics showed a maximum between 110 and 235 °Cd. Maximum dry matter of the pericarp ranged between 4.3 and 5.7 mg, while water content achieved values of up to 12.5 mg. Maximum values and their timings were affected by the genotype, environmental condition and grain position. Final grain weight was closely associated with maximum dry matter and water content of the pericarp.
CONCLUSIONS
Maximum pericarp weight is a determinant of grain weight and size in wheat, which is earlier than other traits considered as key determinants of grain weight during grain filling. Better growing conditions increased maximum pericarp weight, while higher temperature negatively affected this trait.
背景和目的
小麦收获时的果皮重量占麦粒重量的<17%。果皮在籽粒灌浆早期为胚和胚乳提供水分和营养。然而，对果皮及其与最终籽粒重量关系的研究却很少。本研究在 2012-13 和 2014-15 两个生长季，在田间条件下，以籽粒重量存在差异的两个春小麦品种（Bacanora 和 Kambara）为材料，研究了开花后小麦果皮的生长动态及其与最终籽粒重量的关系，以及不同种植密度和夜间增温的影响。
方法
在 2012-13 和 2014-15 两个生长季，在田间条件下以籽粒重量存在差异的两个春小麦品种（Bacanora 和 Kambara）为材料，在对照（370 株/m²）和低种植密度（44 株/m²）以及开花前后短时间内夜间温度升高（>6°C）的条件下种植。从开花后开始，每隔 3 或 4 天收获一次籽粒。收获的籽粒样品用手术刀去除果皮，用精密天平分别称重鲜重、干重和果皮重。收获时，从每个穗上的 10 个籽粒中随机取 20 个称重，并测量籽粒的尺寸。
结果
果皮鲜重、干物质和含水量的动态变化在 110-235°Cd 之间达到最大值。果皮的最大干物质含量在 4.3-5.7mg 之间，含水量高达 12.5mg。最大干物质和含水量的时间取决于基因型、环境条件和籽粒位置。最终籽粒重量与果皮的最大干物质和含水量密切相关。
结论
最大果皮重量是小麦籽粒重量和大小的决定因素，这一过程早于灌浆期被认为是籽粒重量关键决定因素的其他特征。更好的生长条件增加了最大果皮重量，而较高的温度则对这一特性产生负面影响。
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