Chen Guangzhou, Yu Weibao, Zheng Yushen, Zhang Le, Si Jisheng, Zhao Kainan, Li Ruochen, Zhao Deqiang, Qu Lei, Zhang Bin, Li Shengdong, Kong Lingan, Yang Zaidong, Li Huawei
Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China.
College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Jan 26;14(3):372. doi: 10.3390/plants14030372.
Timely sowing is a crucial cultivation practice for enhancing crop productivity. In Shandong Province, inadequate supporting cultivation techniques are the primary factors limiting the yield and quality improvement of high-quality strong-gluten wheat ( L.). A promising strategy for achieving synergistic improvements in both yield and quality involves matching the sowing date and density to the specific ecological conditions of each region. To explore this approach, we conducted continuous field experiments at three testing stations-Jining, Dezhou, and Yantai-across the major wheat-growing regions of Shandong Province from 2019 to 2021. Four sowing dates (T1: October 5; T2: October 15; T3: October 25; and T4: November 5) and seven planting densities (ranging from 135 × 10 plants ha to 405 × 10 plants ha, denoted as D1-D7) were tested at each location. The results revealed that the wheat yield in each ecological zone initially increased, then decreased as the sowing dates were delayed. In Jining and Dezhou, high grain yields were typically observed at all densities under T3, while Yantai showed optimal yields under T2. Specifically, Jining achieved the highest grain yield of 9326.6 kg ha with 315 × 10 plants ha on October 25 (T3D5), while Dezhou and Yantai reached their maximum yields under 225 × 10 plants ha on October 15 (T2D3), with yields of 8784.0 kg ha and 9366.3 kg ha, respectively. Except in Dezhou, the wheat quality compliance rate at all sites followed an increasing trend initially, which then declined with later sowing dates. In Jining and Yantai, high-quality compliance rates were most frequently achieved under T2, while Dezhou showed optimal quality rates under T1. In conclusion, selecting appropriate sowing dates and densities can lead to synergistic improvements in both grain yield and quality of strong-gluten wheat across Shandong's wheat-growing regions.
适时播种是提高作物产量的关键栽培措施。在山东省，配套栽培技术不足是限制优质强筋小麦（L.）产量和品质提升的主要因素。实现产量和品质协同提升的一个有效策略是使播种日期和密度与各地区的特定生态条件相匹配。为探索这种方法，我们于2019年至2021年在山东省主要小麦种植区的三个试验站——济宁、德州和烟台——开展了连续的田间试验。每个地点测试了四个播种日期（T1：10月5日；T2：10月15日；T3：10月25日；T4：11月5日）和七种种植密度（从135×10株/公顷到405×10株/公顷，记为D1 - D7）。结果表明，各生态区小麦产量随播种日期推迟先增加后降低。在济宁和德州，T3条件下所有密度的产量通常都较高，而烟台在T2条件下产量最佳。具体而言，济宁在10月25日（T_{³}D_{5}）以315×10株/公顷实现了最高产量9326.6千克/公顷，而德州和烟台在10月15日（T_{²}D_{³}）以225×10株/公顷达到最高产量，分别为8784.0千克/公顷和9366.3千克/公顷。除德州外，所有地点的小麦品质达标率起初呈上升趋势，随后随着播种日期推迟而下降。在济宁和烟台，T2条件下最常实现高品质达标率，而德州在T1条件下品质率最佳。总之，选择合适的播种日期和密度能够使山东小麦种植区的强筋小麦产量和品质实现协同提升。
