Blanchard-Fields F
Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803-5501.
Psychol Aging. 1986 Dec;1(4):325-33. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.1.4.325.
The purpose of this study was to provide age-comparative evidence of social cognitive reasoning in adulthood, as mediated by the emotional saliency of tasks tapping postformal reasoning. Specifically, the tasks focused on the ability to resolve discrepant accounts of the same event sequence. It was assumed that less mature thinking may be more evident in reasoning contexts in which emotional factors play a major role. A postformal coding scheme was used to assess levels of reasoning in an interpersonal context. Tasks were administered to 60 subjects--adolescents and young and middle-aged adults. Measures of formal operations, ego level, and verbal ability were also administered. An interaction was found between age and degree of emotional saliency of the task for reasoning level. Specifically, adolescents performed less well on tasks higher in degree of emotional saliency. In addition, developmental differences in postformal reasoning as a function of age and ego level were found.
本研究的目的是提供成年期社会认知推理的年龄比较证据，这种推理由涉及后形式推理的任务的情感显著性所介导。具体而言，这些任务聚焦于解决同一事件序列的不同描述的能力。研究假设，在情感因素起主要作用的推理情境中，不太成熟的思维可能会更明显。采用一种后形式编码方案来评估人际情境中的推理水平。对60名受试者——青少年以及青年和中年成年人进行了任务测试。还进行了形式运算、自我水平和语言能力的测量。研究发现，年龄与任务情感显著性程度对推理水平存在交互作用。具体来说，青少年在情感显著性程度较高的任务上表现较差。此外，还发现了后形式推理随年龄和自我水平变化的发展差异。
