University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jul 14;21(14):4969. doi: 10.3390/ijms21144969.
During early plant embryogenesis, some of the most fundamental decisions on fate and identity are taken making it a fascinating process to study. It is no surprise that higher plant embryogenesis was intensively analysed during the last century, while somatic embryogenesis is probably the most studied regeneration model. Encoded by the , short, single-stranded, non-coding miRNAs, are commonly present in all Eukaryotic genomes and are involved in the regulation of the gene expression during the essential developmental processes such as plant morphogenesis, hormone signaling, and developmental phase transition. During the last few years dedicated to miRNAs, analytical methods and tools have been developed, which have afforded new opportunities in functional analyses of plant miRNAs, including (i) databases for in silico analysis; (ii) miRNAs detection and expression approaches; (iii) reporter and sensor lines for a spatio-temporal analysis of the miRNA-target interactions; (iv) in situ hybridisation protocols; (v) artificial miRNAs; (vi) and lines to inhibit miRNA activity, and (vii) the target genes resistant to miRNA. Here, we attempted to summarise the toolbox for functional analysis of miRNAs during plant embryogenesis. In addition to characterising the described tools/methods, examples of the applications have been presented.
在早期植物胚胎发生过程中，一些关于命运和身份的最基本的决定被做出，这使得它成为一个引人入胜的研究过程。毫不奇怪，高等植物胚胎发生在过去的一个世纪里得到了深入分析，而体细胞胚胎发生可能是研究最多的再生模型。由编码的、短的、单链、非编码的 miRNA 通常存在于所有真核生物基因组中，并参与植物形态发生、激素信号和发育阶段转变等重要发育过程中的基因表达调控。在过去几年专注于 miRNA 的研究中，已经开发出了分析方法和工具，为植物 miRNA 的功能分析提供了新的机会，包括（i）用于计算机分析的数据库；（ii）miRNA 的检测和表达方法；（iii）用于 miRNA-靶相互作用时空分析的报告基因和传感器系；（iv）原位杂交方案；（v）人工 miRNA；（vi）抑制 miRNA 活性的 和 系，以及（vii）对 miRNA 有抗性的靶基因。在这里，我们试图总结在植物胚胎发生过程中分析 miRNA 功能的工具包。除了描述所描述的工具/方法外，还介绍了应用实例。
