Department of Biological and Motor Sport Bases, University School of Physical Education, I.J. Paderewskiego 35, Wrocław, Poland.
Department of Team Games, University School of Physical Education, I.J. Paderewskiego 35, Wrocław, Poland.
Int J Biometeorol. 2021 Aug;65(8):1291-1298. doi: 10.1007/s00484-020-01964-3. Epub 2020 Jul 16.
The present study attempts to assess changes in soccer players' physical and technical activity profiles due to thermal stress, measured with the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), in training centres and during matches of the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. The study also verifies the theoretical models of soccer players' physiological parameters. The study sample consisted of 945 observations of 340 players of national teams taking part in the World Cup in Russia. The measured variables included physical activities: total distance covered, distances covered with an intensity of 20-25 km/h, number of sprints; technical activities: number of shots, number of passes, pass accuracy and physiological indicators: evaporative water loss and heart rate. In addition, the final ranking places of each national team were also used in the study. The UTCI was calculated based on meteorological data recorded at training centres and during matches. The UTCI records were then classified into two ranges: NTS-no thermal stress (UTCI 9-26 °C) and TS-thermal stress (UTCI > 26 °C). Climatic conditions at soccer training centres assessed as involving "no thermal stress" are found to be more beneficial for increasing the total distance covered and the number of sprints performed by players during a match. The theoretical models for determining soccer players' physiological parameters used in the study reduce the players' heart rate effort and evaporative water loss, which is in line with findings in studies by other authors. The climatic conditions at soccer training centres and during tournament matches should be taken into account in planning preparations for future World Cup tournaments, especially those in hotter countries.
本研究旨在评估 2018 年俄罗斯世界杯期间，足球运动员因热应激而导致的身体和技术活动变化，该热应激通过通用热气候指数（UTCI）进行测量。该研究还验证了足球运动员生理参数的理论模型。研究样本由参加俄罗斯世界杯的 340 名国家队球员的 945 次观察组成。测量的变量包括身体活动：总距离、20-25km/h 强度的距离、冲刺次数；技术活动：射门次数、传球次数、传球准确率和生理指标：蒸发失水和心率。此外，还使用了每个国家队的最终排名位置。UTCI 是根据训练中心和比赛期间记录的气象数据计算得出的。然后，UTCI 记录被分为两个范围：NTS-无热应激（UTCI 9-26°C）和 TS-热应激（UTCI > 26°C）。评估为“无热应激”的足球训练中心的气候条件被发现更有利于增加球员在比赛中完成的总距离和冲刺次数。本研究中用于确定足球运动员生理参数的理论模型降低了运动员的心率和蒸发失水，这与其他作者的研究结果一致。在规划未来世界杯比赛的准备工作时，应考虑足球训练中心和锦标赛比赛期间的气候条件，特别是在较热的国家举办的比赛。
