Department of Microbiology and Clinical Parasitology and Stem cell unit, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, PO Box: 641, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Paediatrics, Maternity and Children's Hospital, Ministry of Health, 62521 Emirate Al Shifa, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2020 Jul 16;9(1):110. doi: 10.1186/s13756-020-00756-z.
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a global public health problem. For the fulfillment of Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030, the promotion of preventive care medicine through HAI management is a crucial issue. This study explores the perspectives of Saudi tertiary healthcare workers (HCWs) on HAIs and infection control measures.
Quantitative data were assessed to determine HCWs' knowledge of HAI and their attitudes towards and practice of infection control measures. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect qualitative data from 40 doctors and nurses. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Further, routine sterile procedures in the wards and intensive care units were video recorded, and the footage was discussed by the infection control team and the personnel involved in the videos. This discussion was videographed and transcribed. Both interview data and reflective discussion of the video were analysed using thematic analysis. The quantitative data were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and logistic regression analysis.
Kruskal-Wallis test revealed no difference in mean knowledge, attitude, or practice scores between nurses/ doctors or the genders. There was a significant difference in knowledge score and practice scores between the Intensive care unit & the Paediatric ward /infection control department with the maximum scores in knowledge and practice among participants from the intensive care unit. Logistic regression analysis for dependent variables (knowledge and attitude) and independent variables like age, gender, designation, and departments was not significant. The qualitative data yielded four themes: knowledge of HAI and infection control, infection control measures in practice, a shortfall in infection control measures and HAI, and required implementation. Video-reflexive ethnography (VRE) revealed lapses in handwashing practice and proper usage of personal protective equipment (PPE), especially surgical masks.
Early introduction of training programmes in medical and nursing schools and video demonstrations of appropriate infection control practices during sterile procedures would be highly beneficial to HCWs. A possible reason for the outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus in this part of Saudi Arabia could be a lapse in PPE usage. Intensive training programs for all the HCWs, strict vigilant protocols, and a willingness to change behaviour and practice, will significantly benefit the spread of outbreaks.
医疗保健相关感染（HAI）是一个全球性的公共卫生问题。为了实现沙特阿拉伯 2030 年愿景，通过 HAI 管理促进预防保健医学是一个关键问题。本研究探讨了沙特三级保健工作者（HCWs）对 HAI 和感染控制措施的看法。
使用定量数据评估 HCWs 对 HAI 的认识以及他们对感染控制措施的态度和实践。从 40 名医生和护士那里收集定性数据使用半结构式访谈。访谈进行了录音，并逐字记录。此外，对病房和重症监护病房的常规无菌程序进行了录像，并由感染控制小组和参与录像的人员对录像进行了讨论。该讨论进行了录像并记录下来。使用主题分析对访谈数据和视频反思讨论进行分析。使用 Kruskal-Wallis 检验和逻辑回归分析对定量数据进行分析。
Kruskal-Wallis 检验显示，护士/医生或性别之间的平均知识、态度或实践评分没有差异。重症监护病房与儿科病房/感染控制科之间在知识评分和实践评分方面存在显著差异，重症监护病房参与者的知识和实践评分最高。对依赖变量（知识和态度）和独立变量（年龄、性别、职称和部门）进行的逻辑回归分析没有意义。定性数据产生了四个主题：HAI 和感染控制知识、实践中的感染控制措施、感染控制措施和 HAI 的不足以及需要实施。视频反思民族志（VRE）揭示了在洗手实践和正确使用个人防护设备（PPE）方面的失误，尤其是手术口罩。
在医学和护理学校早期引入培训计划，以及在无菌操作过程中对适当的感染控制措施进行视频演示，对 HCWs 将非常有益。中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒在沙特阿拉伯这一地区爆发的一个可能原因是 PPE 使用不当。对所有 HCWs 进行强化培训计划，严格执行监督协议，以及愿意改变行为和实践，将显著有利于控制疫情的传播。
