Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 5024E, CEP 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2020 Oct 15;203:110941. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110941. Epub 2020 Jul 13.
The increasing diversity and complexity of contaminants released in the environment continuously lead to new challenges when applying ecotoxicity assays. This paper comprises a review concerning exposure assessment and highlights important variables that should be taken into account when investigating aquatic media toxicity under both laboratory or field conditions. Thus, to reflect as much as possible what occurs in nature, ecotoxicity assays must carefully consider these variables in their experimental design. This includes contaminant properties, the selected bioindicators and biomarkers, the dose mode/regime, concentration vs. load, exposure to single vs. multiple contaminants and exposure of single vs. multiple species. Many of these, however, are not usually taken into account, leading to critical knowledge gaps in this area, discussed in detail herein.
环境中释放的污染物的多样性和复杂性不断增加，在应用生态毒性测定时不断带来新的挑战。本文综述了暴露评估，并强调了在实验室或现场条件下研究水生介质毒性时应考虑的重要变量。因此，为了尽可能反映自然界中发生的情况，生态毒性测定在其实验设计中必须仔细考虑这些变量。这包括污染物特性、所选的生物指示剂和生物标志物、剂量模式/方案、浓度与负荷、单一与多种污染物的暴露以及单一与多种物种的暴露。然而，其中许多因素通常未被考虑在内，导致该领域存在严重的知识空白，本文对此进行了详细讨论。
