生物膜中的曲率与空间组织

Curvature and spatial organization in biological membranes.

作者信息

Parthasarathy Raghuveer, Groves Jay T

机构信息

Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA and Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.

Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

出版信息

Soft Matter. 2006 Dec 13;3(1):24-33. doi: 10.1039/b608631d.

DOI:10.1039/b608631d

PMID:32680189

Abstract

Cellular membranes bend and curve into a multitude of shapes as they perform various functions. These deformations make use of the remarkable material properties of biological membranes inherent in their nature as two-dimensional fluids. The curvature of membranes is controlled by the constituent proteins and lipids, but conversely, curvature itself provides mechanisms for organizing mobile membrane molecules. In this article we survey recent experiments that have uncovered intriguing connections between mechanics and biochemistry at membranes, focusing on the influence of molecular shape on curvature, links between phase separation and curvature, and membrane bending at inter-cellular contacts. We describe the concepts that emerge from these studies, especially the existence of long-range, curvature-mediated mechanisms for spatial organization in membranes, and highlight open areas for future research.

摘要

细胞膜在执行各种功能时会弯曲成多种形状。这些变形利用了生物膜作为二维流体所固有的非凡材料特性。膜的曲率由组成蛋白和脂质控制，但相反，曲率本身也为组织可移动的膜分子提供了机制。在本文中，我们综述了最近的实验，这些实验揭示了膜上力学与生物化学之间的有趣联系，重点关注分子形状对曲率的影响、相分离与曲率之间的联系以及细胞间接触处的膜弯曲。我们描述了这些研究中出现的概念，特别是膜中存在用于空间组织的长程、曲率介导机制，并强调了未来研究的开放领域。