School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Health Sciences, Community & Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Department of Health Sciences, Community & Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
J Adolesc Health. 2021 Jan;68(1):161-168. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.05.033. Epub 2020 Jul 14.
We examined whether young people in the U.S. and Canada exhibit similar depressive symptom trajectories in the transition to adulthood and compared the effect of childhood socioeconomic status on trajectory membership.
We used the American National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Child/Young Adult (n = 6,315) and the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (n = 3,666). Depressive symptoms were measured using five items from the Center for Epidemiological Studies on Depression scale. Latent trajectories of depressive symptoms from ages 16-25 years were identified using growth mixture models. We estimated the effect of childhood family income, parental education, and parental unemployment on trajectory membership using multivariable Poisson regression models with robust variances.
We identified four similar trajectories in the two countries: (1) low stable; (2) mid-peak; (3) increasing; and (4) decreasing. Relatively more Americans were in the low-stable trajectory group than Canadians (77.6% vs. 64.9%), and fewer Americans were in the decreasing group (7.1% vs. 19.1%). In the U.S., childhood family income in the bottom two quartiles was related to higher rates of increasing trajectory membership compared with income in the top quartile (incidence rate ratios: 1.59-1.79, p < .05), but not in Canada. In the U.S., parental education at a high school level was associated with higher rates of decreasing trajectory membership compared with higher education (incidence rate ratio = 1.45, confidence interval: 1.10-1.91; p = .01), but not in Canada.
Depressive symptoms may take a similar course in the transition to adulthood within these two countries. Country differences may modify the degree to which childhood socioeconomic status determines trajectory membership.
我们考察了美国和加拿大的年轻人在向成年期过渡期间是否表现出相似的抑郁症状轨迹，并比较了童年社会经济地位对轨迹成员的影响。
我们使用了美国国家纵向青年研究 1979 年儿童/青年（n=6315）和加拿大国家儿童和青年纵向研究（n=3666）。使用来自中心流行病学研究抑郁量表的五个项目来衡量抑郁症状。使用增长混合模型确定 16-25 岁时的抑郁症状潜在轨迹。我们使用多变量泊松回归模型（具有稳健方差）来估计童年家庭收入、父母教育程度和父母失业对轨迹成员的影响。
我们在这两个国家确定了四个相似的轨迹：（1）低稳定；（2）中峰；（3）增加；（4）减少。与加拿大相比，相对更多的美国人处于低稳定轨迹组（77.6%比 64.9%），而美国人处于减少轨迹组的比例较低（7.1%比 19.1%）。在美国，与收入处于最高四分位数的人相比，收入处于中下四分位数的家庭更容易出现增加轨迹的成员（发病率比：1.59-1.79，p<.05），而在加拿大则不然。在美国，与高等教育相比，高中水平的父母教育与较低的轨迹成员率较高有关（发病率比=1.45，置信区间：1.10-1.91；p=.01），但在加拿大则不然。
在这两个国家，向成年期过渡期间的抑郁症状可能会呈现出相似的过程。国家差异可能会改变童年社会经济地位决定轨迹成员的程度。
