Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaounde, Cameroon; Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments, Oniris, French National Institute for Agricultural Research, Nantes, France.
World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Lancet Planet Health. 2020 Jul;4(7):e292-e300. doi: 10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30104-2.
Human dietary exposure to chemicals can result in a wide range of adverse health effects. Some substances might cause non-communicable diseases, including cancer and coronary heart diseases, and could be nephrotoxic. Food is the main human exposure route for many chemicals. We aimed to assess human dietary exposure to a wide range of food chemicals.
We did a total diet study in Benin, Cameroon, Mali, and Nigeria. We assessed 4020 representative samples of foods, prepared as consumed, which covered more than 90% of the diet of 7291 households from eight study centres. By combining representative dietary surveys of countries with findings for concentrations of 872 chemicals in foods, we characterised human dietary exposure.
Exposure to lead could result in increases in adult blood pressure up to 2·0 mm Hg, whereas children might lose 8·8-13·3 IQ points (95th percentile in Kano, Nigeria). Morbidity factors caused by coexposure to aflatoxin B1 and hepatitis B virus, and sterigmatocystin and fumonisins, suggest several thousands of additional liver cancer cases per year, and a substantial contribution to the burden of chronic malnutrition in childhood. Exposure to 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from consumption of smoked fish and edible oils exceeded levels associated with possible carcinogenicity and genotoxicity health concerns in all study centres. Exposure to aluminium, ochratoxin A, and citrinin indicated a public health concern about nephropathies. From 470 pesticides tested across the four countries, only high concentrations of chlorpyrifos in smoked fish (unauthorised practice identified in Mali) could pose a human health risk.
Risks characterised by this total diet study underscore specific priorities in terms of food safety management in sub-Saharan Africa. Similar investigations specifically targeting children are crucially needed.
Standards and Trade Development Facility.
人类通过饮食接触化学物质可能会导致多种健康不良影响。一些物质可能会导致非传染性疾病，包括癌症和冠心病，还可能具有肾毒性。食物是许多化学物质进入人体的主要途径。本研究旨在评估人类通过饮食接触广泛的食品化学物质的情况。
我们在贝宁、喀麦隆、马里和尼日利亚进行了一项总膳食研究。我们评估了 4020 个代表性的食物样本，这些样本是按照人们的饮食习惯制备的，涵盖了来自 8 个研究中心的 7291 个家庭所食用的食物的 90%以上。我们将各国具有代表性的膳食调查结果与 872 种食品中化学物质浓度的研究结果相结合，以描述人类的饮食接触情况。
铅的暴露可能导致成年人的血压升高 2.0 毫米汞柱，而儿童的智商可能会降低 8.8-13.3 个点（以尼日利亚卡诺为 95%分位数）。黄曲霉毒素 B1 和乙型肝炎病毒以及展青霉素和伏马菌素共同暴露引起的发病率因素表明，每年可能会新增数千例肝癌病例，并对儿童期慢性营养不良的负担产生重大影响。在所研究的所有中心，食用熏鱼和食用油摄入的 13 种多环芳烃的暴露量超过了与可能的致癌性和遗传毒性健康问题相关的水平。在 4 个国家测试的 470 种农药中，只有在马里发现的熏鱼中高浓度的毒死蜱（未经授权的做法）可能对人类健康构成风险。
这项总膳食研究所确定的风险突出了撒哈拉以南非洲食品安全管理方面的具体优先事项。特别针对儿童的类似调查至关重要。
标准和贸易发展基金。
