Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran.
Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran.
J Dairy Sci. 2020 Sep;103(9):8130-8142. doi: 10.3168/jds.2020-18355. Epub 2020 Jul 16.
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of partial replacement of whole milk with colostrum on the growth performance and health status of Holstein dairy calves. Neonatal heifer calves (n = 144; 2 d of age; 39.3 ± 0.82 kg of body weight, BW; mean ± SE) were assigned randomly to 3 groups with partial replacement of pasteurized whole milk with pasteurized colostrum at 0 (C0; 0 kg/d of colostrum + 5 kg/d of whole milk), 350 g (C350; 0.350 kg/d of colostrum + 4.650 kg/d of whole milk), or 700 g (C700; 0.700 kg/d of colostrum + 4.300 kg/d of whole milk) for 14 d; there were no refusals of liquid feed. From d 15 onward, the calves were fed with 5 kg/d of pasteurized whole milk, weaned on d 61, and monitored until d 81 of life. Throughout the study, the calves had free access to fresh clean water and calf starter. Partial replacement of whole milk with colostrum increased liquid feed dry matter intake (DMI) but decreased milk DMI; however, intakes of starter DMI, total DMI, metabolizable energy, crude protein, and ether extract were not affected by treatments. Overall, the C700 calves recorded greater weaning weight, final BW, heart girth change, feed efficiency, and average daily gain (ADG). The calves fed milk had a higher chance of having rectal temperature ≥39.4°C and general appearance score ≥2 compared with those receiving colostrum in their milk. Diarrhea was more prevalent in C0 versus C700 calves. The occurrence of pneumonia tended to be higher in milk-fed calves compared with C350 and C700 animals. Colostrum feeding resulted in fewer days with a rectal temperature ≥39.4°C, general appearance ≥2, diarrhea, and pneumonia. We computed Cliff's delta (effect sizes) of the extended colostrum feeding (C350 vs. C0, C700 vs. C0, and C700 vs. C350) on starter and milk DMI, ADG, BW, and feed efficiency. In C350 calves, the effect sizes (Cliff's delta) for milk DMI, ADG, BW, and feed efficiency were positive and small, but negative in C700 calves. Compared with C350 treatment, C700 treatment resulted in greater final BW with moderate effect size. Positive and moderate effects of feeding colostrum (C700 vs. C0) were observed on postweaning ADG and final BW. The findings showed that the inclusion of 700 g of colostrum in 5 kg of milk may be beneficial to the growth and health of dairy calves.
本研究旨在确定用初乳部分替代全脂牛奶对荷斯坦奶牛犊牛生长性能和健康状况的影响。选择 144 头新生小母牛（2 日龄；39.3 ± 0.82 kg 体重，BW；平均值 ± SE），随机分为 3 组，用巴氏杀菌的初乳部分替代巴氏杀菌的全脂牛奶，替代量分别为 0（C0；0 kg/d 的初乳+5 kg/d 的全脂牛奶）、350 g（C350；0.350 kg/d 的初乳+4.650 kg/d 的全脂牛奶）或 700 g（C700；0.700 kg/d 的初乳+4.300 kg/d 的全脂牛奶），持续 14 天；液体饲料无拒食。从第 15 天开始，小牛以 5 kg/d 的巴氏杀菌全脂牛奶为食，第 61 天断奶，并监测至第 81 天。整个研究期间，小牛可以自由饮用新鲜清洁的水和小牛饲料。用初乳替代部分全脂牛奶增加了液体饲料干物质采食量（DMI），但降低了牛奶 DMI；然而，小牛饲料 DMI、总 DMI、可代谢能量、粗蛋白和乙醚提取物的摄入量不受处理的影响。总的来说，C700 组小牛的断奶体重、最终 BW、胸围变化、饲料效率和平均日增重（ADG）更高。与接受牛奶中的初乳相比，接受牛奶的小牛更有可能直肠温度≥39.4°C 和总体外观评分≥2。与 C700 组小牛相比，C0 组小牛腹泻更为普遍。与 C350 和 C700 动物相比，肺炎在接受牛奶喂养的小牛中更为常见。初乳喂养使直肠温度≥39.4°C、总体外观≥2、腹泻和肺炎的天数减少。我们计算了扩展初乳喂养（C350 与 C0、C700 与 C0 和 C700 与 C350）对小牛饲料和牛奶 DMI、ADG、BW 和饲料效率的 Cliff's delta（效应大小）。在 C350 组中，牛奶 DMI、ADG、BW 和饲料效率的效应大小（Cliff's delta）为正且较小，但在 C700 组中为负。与 C350 组相比，C700 组的最终 BW 更大，具有中等效应大小。与 C350 处理相比，C700 处理在断奶后 ADG 和最终 BW 上表现出更大的正且中等的效果。研究结果表明，在 5 kg 牛奶中加入 700 g 初乳可能有利于奶牛犊牛的生长和健康。
