Technical note: Evaluation of a colorimetric point-of-care test for measuring urine ammonium concentration in periparturient dairy cattle.

Urine ammonium concentration ([NH]) provides a clinically useful indicator of the magnitude of nutritionally induced systemic acidification in dairy cattle when urine pH < 6.1. The objective of this study was to evaluate the analytical performance of a low-cost point-of-care colorimetric test in measuring urine [NH] in dairy cattle consuming an acidogenic ration. A method comparison study was performed using 154 urine samples from 43 periparturient Holstein-Friesian cows. We compared urine [NH] measured by an indophenol blue colorimetric test (MColortest, Merck KGaA, Billerica, MA; test method) with levels measured by formaldehyde titration (reference method). Diagnostic performance was evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficient (r), Passing-Bablok regression, Bland-Altman plot, and binary logistic regression. Urine [NH] measured by the colorimetric test was strongly correlated (r = 0.98) with urine [NH] measured by formaldehyde titration. Method comparison studies indicated that the colorimetric test provided acceptable test performance when urine [NH] < 80 mmol/L. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the colorimetric ammonium test was high at 0.985 when used to identify formaldehyde titration [NH] > 10 mmol/L, equivalent to urine pH <6.1. At the optimal cut point ([NH] > 11 mmol/L) for the colorimetric test, sensitivity = 0.94, specificity = 0.97, positive likelihood ratio = 27.6, and κ = 0.89, indicating excellent test performance. We conclude that the indophenol blue colorimetric test provided an accurate, low-cost, and practical on-farm test for measuring urine [NH] in diluted urine samples from dairy cattle consuming an acidogenic ration.