Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore.
Epigenetics. 2021 Mar;16(3):243-262. doi: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1795606. Epub 2020 Aug 2.
Histone variants regulate chromatin accessibility and gene transcription. Given their distinct properties and functions, histone varint substitutions allow for profound alteration of nucleosomal architecture and local chromatin landscape. Skeletal myogenesis driven by the key transcription factor MyoD is characterized by precise temporal regulation of myogenic genes. Timed substitution of variants within the nucleosomes provides a powerful means to ensure sequential expression of myogenic genes. Indeed, growing evidence has shown H3.3, H2A.Z, macroH2A, and H1b to be critical for skeletal myogenesis. However, the relative importance of various histone variants and their associated chaperones in myogenesis is not fully appreciated. In this review, we summarize the role that histone variants play in altering chromatin landscape to ensure proper muscle differentiation. The temporal regulation and cross talk between histones variants and their chaperones in conjunction with other forms of epigenetic regulation could be critical to understanding myogenesis and their involvement in myopathies.
组蛋白变体调节染色质可及性和基因转录。鉴于它们的独特性质和功能，组蛋白变体取代允许核小体结构和局部染色质景观的深刻改变。由关键转录因子 MyoD 驱动的骨骼肌发生的特点是肌生成基因的精确时间调节。核小体内部变体的定时取代提供了确保肌生成基因顺序表达的有力手段。事实上，越来越多的证据表明 H3.3、H2A.Z、macroH2A 和 H1b 对于骨骼肌发生至关重要。然而，各种组蛋白变体及其相关伴侣在肌发生中的相对重要性尚未完全被认识。在这篇综述中，我们总结了组蛋白变体在改变染色质景观以确保适当的肌肉分化中所起的作用。组蛋白变体及其伴侣与其他形式的表观遗传调控之间的时间调节和串扰可能对理解肌发生及其在肌病中的作用至关重要。
