Abbo Shahal, Berger Jens, Turner Neil C
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel. CSIRO Plant Industry, Private Bag No. 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia. Corresponding author; email:
Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
Funct Plant Biol. 2003 Nov;30(10):1081-1087. doi: 10.1071/FP03084.
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is characterised by a different adaptation profile from the other crops of West Asian origin such as pea, barley, and wheat. In this paper we suggest that a series of four evolutionary bottlenecks occur in chickpea: (1) the scarcity and limited distribution of the wild progenitor, C. reticulatum Ladiz., (2) the founder effect associated with domestication, (3) the shift, early in the crop's history, from winter to spring sowing, and the attendant change from using rainfall as it occurs to a reliance on residual soil moisture, and (4) the replacement of locally evolving landraces by elite cultivars produced by modern plant breeding. While two of the bottlenecks are common to all species, the limited distribution of the wild progenitor and shift of cropping from utilisation of current rainfall to stored soil moisture is unique to chickpea. In this paper we suggest that in order to widen the genetic base of cultivated chickpea it is imperative to reintroduce traits from across the primary gene pool. Moreover, a comparative physiological approach to the study of adaptation among the annual wild relatives of chickpea may reveal adaptive strategies within the genus currently obscured by monomorphic loci. The poor state of the world collection of annual wild Cicer species severely constrains the implementation of both these imperatives. We suggest that an extensive collection of annual wild Cicer species, based on ecogeographic principles to maximise the probability of collecting diverse ecotypes, should provide a better understanding of the biology and adaptation in this ancient crop and lead to improved productivity.
鹰嘴豆（Cicer arietinum L.）的适应特性与豌豆、大麦和小麦等其他西亚起源的作物不同。在本文中，我们认为鹰嘴豆经历了一系列四个进化瓶颈：（1）野生祖先种网脉鹰嘴豆（C. reticulatum Ladiz.）稀缺且分布有限；（2）与驯化相关的奠基者效应；（3）在作物历史早期，从冬季播种转变为春季播种，随之而来的是从利用降雨转变为依赖土壤残余水分；（4）现代植物育种培育的优良品种取代了当地进化的地方品种。虽然其中两个瓶颈是所有物种共有的，但野生祖先种分布有限以及种植从利用当前降雨转变为利用土壤储存水分这一情况是鹰嘴豆独有的。在本文中，我们认为为了拓宽栽培鹰嘴豆的遗传基础，必须从初级基因库中重新引入各种性状。此外，采用比较生理学方法研究鹰嘴豆一年生野生近缘种之间的适应性，可能会揭示该属内目前被单态位点掩盖的适应策略。世界一年生野生鹰嘴豆物种收集情况不佳，严重限制了这两项任务的实施。我们建议，基于生态地理原则广泛收集一年生野生鹰嘴豆物种，以最大程度提高收集到不同生态型的可能性，这将有助于更好地理解这种古老作物的生物学特性和适应性，并提高其生产力。
