Baldani José I, Reis Veronica M, Baldani Vera L D, Döbereiner Johanna
Embrapa Agrobiologia C.P. 74.505, CEP 23851970 Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Corresponding author; email:
Embrapa Agrobiologia C.P. 74.505, CEP 23851970 Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Funct Plant Biol. 2002 Apr;29(4):417-423. doi: 10.1071/PP01083.
Sugarcane was first introduced into Brazil in 1532, in São Vicente (São Paulo State) by the Portuguese. Since the first cane selection and breeding programs started in Brazil, both local and introduced material were used. In none of the breeding programs were large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer utilized, and this may be the reason why today the best materials have little demand for nitrogen fertilizer, and an effective association has developed between endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria and the plant. In some cases high inputs of associated biological nitrogen fixation have been observed. The oil crisis also played a role in the sugarcane story, since the alcohol-from-cane-juice (PRO-ÁLCOOL) program installed to find a substitute for gasoline in cars, stimulated the selection of highly efficient varieties with low nitrogen fertilizer input. The recent promising results involving the inoculation of micropropagated sugarcane plants with endophytic diazotrophic bacteria, along with the ongoing Brazilian sugarcane plant and bacterial genome programs, suggest that the success of the Brazilian sugarcane business may continue for many years to come, considering the potential to be exploited.
甘蔗于1532年由葡萄牙人首次引入巴西的圣维森特（圣保罗州）。自巴西开始首个甘蔗选种和育种计划以来，本地材料和引进材料都得到了使用。在任何一个育种计划中都没有大量使用氮肥，这可能就是如今最好的品种对氮肥需求不大，且内生固氮细菌与植株之间形成了有效共生关系的原因。在某些情况下，已观察到相关生物固氮的高投入。石油危机在甘蔗发展历程中也起到了作用，因为旨在寻找汽车汽油替代品的甘蔗汁制酒精（PRO-ÁLCOOL）计划，推动了对低氮肥投入高效品种的选育。最近，用内生固氮细菌接种微繁甘蔗植株取得了令人鼓舞的成果，再加上巴西正在进行的甘蔗植株和细菌基因组计划，鉴于有待开发的潜力，巴西甘蔗产业有望在未来多年持续取得成功。
