Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Stem Cell Biology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2020 Aug;38:129-137. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.05.016. Epub 2020 Jun 16.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: The inter-individual variations of the metabolic markers in response to dietary interventions may be mediated by genetic factors. We examined whether the type of dietary oils can modulate the effects of -75G/A polymorphism in APOA-1 gene on cardiometabolic markers.
This study was a randomized, triple-blind, cross-over clinical trial. Participants with and without type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to replace their regular oil with sesame oil, canola oil and sesame-canola oil for 9 weeks. Genotyping was conducted using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method.
Ninety-five diabetes patients and 73 healthy individuals completed the study protocol. In patients with type 2 diabetes, the A allele carriers experienced greater decrease in systolic blood pressure compared with GG homozygotes following sesame-canola oil intake. Serum levels of HDL-C and TG: HDL ratio was increased and decreased following canola oil intake in patients carrying the A allele rather than non-A allele carriers, respectively. More reductions for risk of cardiovascular diseases and mortality, except risk of stroke were found in the A allele carriers compared with GG homozygotes after intakes of canola and sesame-canola oils, but not sesame oil. There was also a significant genotype effect as well as genotype-dietary oil interactions on cardiovascular risk scores. In healthy individuals, a considerable decrease in visceral fat was accompanied by a significant increase in HDL-C levels in the A allele carriers compared with non-A allele carriers after sesame oil intake.
Patients with diabetes carrying the A allele might benefit from canola and sesame-canola oils intakes, and healthy A allele carriers from sesame and sesame-canola oils intakes as well. Future clinical trials are recommended to warrant current findings.
个体对饮食干预的代谢标志物的反应差异可能由遗传因素介导。我们研究了食用不同类型的油是否会调节载脂蛋白 A1（APOA1）基因-75G/A 多态性对心血管代谢标志物的影响。
这是一项随机、三盲、交叉临床试验。患有 2 型糖尿病和不患有 2 型糖尿病的参与者被随机分配用芝麻油、菜籽油和芝麻油-菜籽油替代他们的常规油，持续 9 周。使用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）方法进行基因分型。
95 例糖尿病患者和 73 例健康个体完成了研究方案。在 2 型糖尿病患者中，与 GG 纯合子相比，APOA1 基因的 A 等位基因携带者在摄入芝麻油-菜籽油后收缩压降低幅度更大。携带 A 等位基因的患者在摄入菜籽油后血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）水平升高，而 TG:HDL 比值降低，而非 A 等位基因携带者则相反。与 GG 纯合子相比，在摄入菜籽油和芝麻油-菜籽油后，除了中风风险外，A 等位基因携带者的心血管疾病和死亡风险降低更多。在健康个体中，与非 A 等位基因携带者相比，A 等位基因携带者在摄入芝麻油后内脏脂肪显著减少，同时 HDL-C 水平显著升高。
携带 A 等位基因的糖尿病患者可能受益于食用菜籽油和芝麻油-菜籽油，而携带 A 等位基因的健康个体也可能受益于食用芝麻油和芝麻油-菜籽油。建议进行未来的临床试验以证实当前的发现。
