Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC,, USA.
Addiction. 2021 Mar;116(3):643-650. doi: 10.1111/add.15183. Epub 2020 Jul 21.
Cannabis, tobacco and alcohol use are prevalent among youth in the United States and may be risk factors for opioid use. The current study aimed at investigating associations between developmental trajectories of cannabis, tobacco and alcohol use in adolescence and opioid use in young adulthood in an urban cohort over the span of 12 years.
Cohort study of adolescents originally recruited for a randomized prevention trial with yearly assessments into young adulthood.
Nine urban elementary schools in Baltimore, MD in the United States.
Participants (n = 583, 86.8% African American, 54.7% male) were originally recruited as first grade students.
Cannabis, tobacco and alcohol use were assessed annually from ages 14-18 years and opioid use from ages 19-26. Socio-demographics were assessed at age 6. Intervention status was also randomly assigned at age 6. Gender, race, free/reduced-priced lunch and intervention status were included as covariates in individual and sequential growth models.
There were significant positive associations between the cannabis use intercept at age 14 and the opioid use intercept at age 19 (beta = 1.43; P = 0.028), the tobacco use intercept at age 14 and the opioid use intercept at age 19 (beta = 0.82; P = 0.042). Specifically, more frequent use of cannabis or tobacco at age 14 was associated with more frequent use of opioids at age 19.
Cannabis and tobacco use in early adolescence may be risk factors for opioid use in young adulthood among African Americans living in urban areas.
大麻、烟草和酒精在青少年中普遍存在，可能是阿片类药物使用的危险因素。本研究旨在调查青少年时期大麻、烟草和酒精使用的发展轨迹与 12 年内城市队列中年轻人阿片类药物使用之间的关联。
对最初参加随机预防试验的青少年进行队列研究，每年评估一次直至成年早期。
美国马里兰州巴尔的摩市的 9 所城市小学。
参与者（n=583，86.8%为非裔美国人，54.7%为男性）最初作为一年级学生招募。
大麻、烟草和酒精使用情况从 14-18 岁每年评估一次，阿片类药物使用情况从 19-26 岁每年评估一次。社会人口统计学数据在 6 岁时评估。干预状态也在 6 岁时随机分配。性别、种族、免费/减价午餐和干预状态作为协变量纳入个体和顺序增长模型。
14 岁时大麻使用截距与 19 岁时阿片类药物使用截距之间存在显著正相关（β=1.43；P=0.028），14 岁时烟草使用截距与 19 岁时阿片类药物使用截距之间存在显著正相关（β=0.82；P=0.042）。具体来说，14 岁时更频繁地使用大麻或烟草与 19 岁时更频繁地使用阿片类药物相关。
生活在城市地区的非裔美国人青少年时期的大麻和烟草使用可能是成年早期阿片类药物使用的危险因素。
