Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavior Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA, USA.
QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, QLD, Australia.
Addiction. 2019 Dec;114(12):2229-2240. doi: 10.1111/add.14750. Epub 2019 Aug 16.
The non-medical use of over-the-counter or prescribed analgesics (NMUA) is a significant public health problem. Little is known about the genetic and environmental etiology of NMUA and how these risks relate to other classes of substance use and misuse. Our aims were to estimate the heritability NMUA and sources of genetic and environmental covariance with cannabis and nicotine use, cannabis and alcohol use disorders and nicotine dependence in Australian twins.
Biometrical genetic analyses or twin methods using structural equation univariate and multivariate modeling.
Australia.
A total of 2007 young adult twins [66% female; μ = 25.9, standard deviation (SD) = 3.6, range = 18-38] from the Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study retrospectively assessed between 2009 and 2016.
Self-reported NMUA (non-opioid or opioid-based), life-time nicotine, cannabis and opioid use, DSM-V cannabis and alcohol use disorders and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence.
Life-time NMUA was reported by 19.4% of the sample. Univariate heritability explained 46% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.29-0.57] of the risks in NMUA. Multivariate analyses revealed that NMUA is moderately associated genetically with cannabis (r = 0.41) and nicotine (r = 0.45) use and nicotine dependence (r = 0.34). In contrast, the genetic correlations with cannabis (r = 0.15) and alcohol (r = 0.07) use disorders are weak.
In young male and female adults in Australia, the non-medical use of over-the-counter or prescribed analgesics appears to have moderate heritability. NMUA is moderately associated with cannabis and nicotine use and nicotine dependence. Its genetic etiology is largely distinct from that of cannabis and alcohol use disorders.
非医疗使用非处方或处方类止痛药（NMUA）是一个严重的公共卫生问题。目前对于 NMUA 的遗传和环境病因学以及这些风险与其他类别的物质使用和滥用之间的关系知之甚少。我们的目的是估计澳大利亚双胞胎中 NMUA 的遗传性以及与大麻和尼古丁使用、大麻和酒精使用障碍以及尼古丁依赖相关的遗传和环境协变量的来源。
使用结构方程单变量和多变量建模的生物计量遗传分析或双胞胎方法。
澳大利亚。
2007 名年轻成年双胞胎（66%为女性；平均年龄 25.9 岁，标准差为 3.6 岁，范围为 18-38 岁），来自布里斯班纵向双胞胎研究，他们在 2009 年至 2016 年间进行了回顾性评估。
自我报告的 NMUA（非阿片类或阿片类为基础）、终生尼古丁、大麻和阿片类药物使用、DSM-V 大麻和酒精使用障碍以及 Fagerström 尼古丁依赖测试。
19.4%的样本报告了终生 NMUA。单变量遗传解释了 NMUA 风险的 46%（95%置信区间[CI]：0.29-0.57）。多变量分析显示，NMUA 与大麻（r=0.41）和尼古丁（r=0.45）使用和尼古丁依赖（r=0.34）在遗传上中度相关。相比之下，与大麻（r=0.15）和酒精（r=0.07）使用障碍的遗传相关性较弱。
在澳大利亚的年轻男性和女性成年人中，非医疗使用非处方或处方类止痛药似乎具有中度遗传性。NMUA 与大麻和尼古丁使用以及尼古丁依赖中度相关。其遗传病因学在很大程度上与大麻和酒精使用障碍不同。
