Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France.
Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty, Jenderal Soedirman University, Kampus Karangwangkal, Jl. dr. Suparno, Purwokerto, 53123, Indonesia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Nov;27(33):41668-41687. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-09967-8. Epub 2020 Jul 21.
The occurrence and contamination level of seven important toxic metals (Cd, Cu, Co, Cr, Hg, Pb, and Zn) and three additional metals (Al, Fe, and Mn) in the water, sediment, and shrimp muscle in aquaculture areas located in Central Java, Indonesia, were investigated. The results suggest that the majority of metals have higher concentrations in the inlet followed by the outlet and ponds. Cd dissolved in the waters exhibited the highest level in Pekalongan (3.15 ± 0.33 μg L). Although Pb was not detected in the water, it was detected in the sediment, and the concentration ranged from 7.6 to 15.40 mg kg dw. In general, the heavy metal concentrations in the sediments were found to decrease in the sequence Al > Fe > Mn > Zn > Cr > Cu > Co > Pb. Concentrations below the effects range low level based on the Canadian sediment quality guidelines were found for Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn, whereas moderate sediment pollution (25-75 mg kg dw) was observed for Cr (all regions), Cu (except in the Pekalongan region), and Zn (Brebes and Tegal regions) according to the US EPA standard. The status of the waters was evaluated by calculating a pollution index derived mostly from Mn and Zn. The ecological risk (geoaccumulation index (I), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), and potential ecological risk index (ERI)) determined in the sediments indicated that all studied areas had low to moderate contamination. The concentrations of all metals in shrimp were generally below the maximum limits for seafood, except for Zn (in all stations), Pb, and Cr (Tegal and Pekalongan). The hazard index values for metals indicated that consuming shrimp would not have adverse effects on human health.
本研究调查了印度尼西亚中爪哇省水产养殖区水中、沉积物中和虾肌肉中七种重要有毒金属（Cd、Cu、Co、Cr、Hg、Pb 和 Zn）和三种额外金属（Al、Fe 和 Mn）的存在和污染水平。结果表明，大多数金属在入口处的浓度高于出口处和池塘处。溶解在水中的 Cd 在 Pekalongan 地区的浓度最高（3.15 ± 0.33 μg/L）。尽管水中未检测到 Pb，但在沉积物中检测到了 Pb，浓度范围为 7.6 至 15.40 mg/kg 干重。一般来说，沉积物中的重金属浓度顺序为 Al > Fe > Mn > Zn > Cr > Cu > Co > Pb。根据加拿大沉积物质量指南，Cr、Cu、Pb 和 Zn 的浓度低于基于效应范围低值的浓度，而根据美国环保署标准，Cr（所有地区）、Cu（除 Pekalongan 地区外）和 Zn（Brebes 和 Tegal 地区）的沉积物污染处于中度水平（25-75 mg/kg 干重）。通过计算主要来自 Mn 和 Zn 的污染指数来评估水的状况。沉积物中确定的生态风险（地积累指数 (I)、污染因子 (CF)、污染负荷指数 (PLI) 和潜在生态风险指数 (ERI))表明，所有研究区域的污染程度均为低至中度。除 Zn（所有站位）、Pb 和 Cr（Tegal 和 Pekalongan）外，虾中所有金属的浓度通常均低于海产品的最大限量。金属的危害指数值表明，食用虾不会对人体健康造成不良影响。
