CICPSI, Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Cortex. 2020 Sep;130:290-301. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.04.030. Epub 2020 May 20.
The forward model monitors the success of sensory feedback to an action and links it to an efference copy originating in the motor system. The Readiness Potential (RP) of the electroencephalogram has been denoted as a neural signature of the efference copy. An open question is whether imagined sensory feedback works similarly to real sensory feedback. We investigated the RP to audible and imagined sounds in a button-press paradigm and assessed the role of sound complexity (vocal vs. non-vocal sound). Sensory feedback (both audible and imagined) in response to a voluntary action modulated the RP amplitude time-locked to the button press. The RP amplitude increase was larger for actions with expected sensory feedback (audible and imagined) than those without sensory feedback, and associated with N1 suppression for audible sounds. Further, the early RP phase was increased when actions elicited an imagined vocal (self-voice) compared to non-vocal sound. Our results support the notion that sensory feedback is anticipated before voluntary actions. This is the case for both audible and imagined sensory feedback and confirms a role of overt and covert feedback in the forward model.
前向模型监测动作的感觉反馈的成功，并将其与源自运动系统的传出副本联系起来。脑电图的准备电位 (RP) 已被表示为传出副本的神经特征。一个悬而未决的问题是想象中的感觉反馈是否与真实的感觉反馈相似。我们在按键范式中研究了听觉和想象声音的 RP，并评估了声音复杂性（发声与非发声声音）的作用。对自愿动作的感觉反馈（听觉和想象）会调制与按键按压时间锁定的 RP 幅度。与没有感觉反馈的动作相比，有预期感觉反馈（听觉和想象）的动作的 RP 幅度增加更大，并且与听觉声音的 N1 抑制相关。此外，当动作引起想象中的发声（自我声音）时，早期的 RP 阶段会增加，而不是非发声声音。我们的结果支持这样一种观点，即感觉反馈是在自愿行动之前预期的。这适用于听觉和想象的感觉反馈，并证实了显性和隐性反馈在前向模型中的作用。
