Chu Tianshu, Chu Jianlin, Gao Bingbing, He Bingfang
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
Analyst. 2020 Aug 21;145(16):5388-5399. doi: 10.1039/d0an00994f. Epub 2020 Jul 23.
Paper devices have attracted great attention for their rapid development in multiple fields, such as life sciences, biochemistry, and materials science. When manufacturing paper chips, flexible materials, such as cellulose paper or other porous flexible membranes, can offer several advantages in terms of their flexibility, lightweight, low cost, safety and wearability. However, traditional cellulose paper sheets with chaotic cellulose fiber constitutions do not have special structures and optical characteristics, leading to poor repeatability and low sensitivity during biochemical sensing, limiting their wide application. Recent evidence showed that the addition of ordered structure provides a promising method for manufacturing intelligent flexible devices, making traditional flexible devices with multiple functions (microfluidics, motion detection and optical display). There is an urgent need for an overall summary of the evolution of paper devices so that readers can fully understand the field. Hence, in this review, we summarized the latest developments in intelligent paper devices, starting with the fabrication of paper and smart flexible paper devices, in the fields of biology, chemistry, electronics, etc. First, we outlined the manufacturing methods and applications of both traditional cellulose paper devices and modern smart devices based on pseudopaper (order paper). Then, considering different materials, such as cellulose, nitrocellulose, nature sourced photonic crystals (photonic crystals sourced from nature directly) and artificial photonic crystals, we summarized a new type of smart flexible device containing an ordered structure. Next, the applications of paper devices in biochemical sensing, wearable sensing, and cross-scale sensing were discussed. Finally, we summarized the development direction of this field. The aim of this review is to take an integral cognition approach to the development of smart flexible paper devices in multiple fields and promote communications between materials science, biology, chemistry and electrical science.
纸质设备因其在生命科学、生物化学和材料科学等多个领域的快速发展而备受关注。在制造纸芯片时，诸如纤维素纸或其他多孔柔性膜之类的柔性材料在柔韧性、轻质、低成本、安全性和可穿戴性方面具有诸多优势。然而，具有混乱纤维素纤维结构的传统纤维素纸片没有特殊结构和光学特性，导致生化传感过程中的重复性差和灵敏度低，限制了它们的广泛应用。最近的证据表明，添加有序结构为制造智能柔性设备提供了一种有前景的方法，使传统柔性设备具备多种功能（微流体、运动检测和光学显示）。迫切需要对纸质设备的发展历程进行全面总结，以便读者能够充分了解该领域。因此，在本综述中，我们总结了智能纸质设备的最新进展，从纸质和智能柔性纸质设备的制造开始，涉及生物学、化学、电子学等领域。首先，我们概述了传统纤维素纸质设备和基于伪纸（有序纸）的现代智能设备的制造方法及应用。然后，考虑到不同材料，如纤维素、硝化纤维素、天然来源的光子晶体（直接从自然界获取的光子晶体）和人工光子晶体，我们总结了一种包含有序结构的新型智能柔性设备。接下来，讨论了纸质设备在生化传感、可穿戴传感和跨尺度传感中的应用。最后，我们总结了该领域的发展方向。本综述的目的是对智能柔性纸质设备在多个领域的发展采取整体认知方法，并促进材料科学、生物学、化学和电学之间的交流。
