Puchalski Krzysztof, Korzeniowska Elżbieta
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. J. Nofera / Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland (Krajowe Centrum Promocji Zdrowia w Miejscu Pracy / National Centre for Workplace Health Promotion).
Med Pr. 2020 Sep 24;71(5):569-586. doi: 10.13075/mp.5893.00972. Epub 2020 Jul 15.
The aim of the paper is to present the barriers and difficulties faced by companies in Poland in their employee health promotion activities.
The aforementioned obstacles were analyzed in terms of their quantity and quality. Quantitative data come from 5 nationwide surveys conducted in 2000 (N = 755), 2006 (N = 611), 2010 (N = 1002), 2015 (N = 1000) and 2017 (N = 1000), in companies employing ≥50 people. Qualitative data were collected from representatives of such companies by means of an audience survey conducted during a conference (N = 75), 8 focus group interviews (N = 64) and individual in-depth interviews (N = 14).
Invariably, the most frequently reported difficulty has been the shortage of financial resources for health promotion, as well as the lack of real support (legal, fiscal) from the government. By 2017, the former was indicated by 53% of companies, and the latter by 48%. A detailed analysis has shown that they are interrelated, and the key barrier is the mentality of employers and managers, i.e., their reluctance to health promotion, the fact that they are convinced of its high costs, a poor knowledge about its importance and implementation methods, and fear of the unknown. Other difficulties include: culture and work organization not fostering health care, a poor preparation and limited opportunities for the staff to implement health promotion, employees' reluctance to employer's health-related activities, some drawbacks of offers addressed to companies by external service providers, and, to a lesser extent, other difficulties arising from the business environment.
To effectively mitigate these barriers, it is necessary to involve the government in the implementation of a coherent strategy to support health promotion in companies. Its main directions would be: shaping employers' awareness, supporting health-related activities through fiscal mechanisms (tax and insurance), educating the managerial staff, and pursuing effective cooperation with external providers of health services for employees. Med Pr. 2020;71(5):569-86.
本文旨在介绍波兰企业在员工健康促进活动中面临的障碍和困难。
从数量和质量方面对上述障碍进行分析。定量数据来自于2000年（N = 755）、2006年（N = 611）、2010年（N = 1002）、2015年（N = 1000）和2017年（N = 1000）在员工人数≥50人的公司中开展的5次全国性调查。定性数据通过在一次会议期间进行的受众调查（N = 75）、8次焦点小组访谈（N = 64）和个人深度访谈（N = 14），从这些公司的代表处收集。
一直以来，最常被提及的困难是健康促进资金短缺，以及缺乏政府的实际支持（法律、财政方面）。到2017年，53%的公司表示存在前者问题，48%的公司表示存在后者问题。详细分析表明，它们相互关联，关键障碍在于雇主和管理人员的心态，即他们对健康促进的不情愿、坚信其成本高昂、对其重要性和实施方法了解不足以及对未知的恐惧。其他困难包括：文化和工作组织不利于医疗保健、员工实施健康促进的准备不足且机会有限、员工对雇主开展的与健康相关活动不情愿、外部服务提供商向公司提供的服务存在一些缺陷，以及在较小程度上，商业环境带来的其他困难。
为有效缓解这些障碍，有必要让政府参与实施一项连贯的战略，以支持企业的健康促进工作。其主要方向将是：塑造雇主意识、通过财政机制（税收和保险）支持与健康相关的活动、对管理人员进行教育，以及与员工健康服务的外部提供商开展有效合作。《医学实践》2020年；71(5):569 - 86。
