Carlson Kelsie M, Boczek Laura A, Chae Soryong, Ryu Hodon
United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
Water (Basel). 2020 Mar 2;12(3):1-676. doi: 10.3390/w12030676.
This review discusses , among the most prolific and publicly well-known waterborne pathogens, and advances in potential treatment technologies. The number of cases associated with continues to rise, as does its public awareness. Currently, cases associated with premise plumbing account for the largest number of legionellosis cases in the United States. So, while it is important to understand as such, it is also important to investigate how to treat drinking water in premise plumbing for and other waterborne pathogens. While there are currently several methods recognized as potential means of inactivating waterborne pathogens, several shortcomings continue to plague its implementation. These methods are generally of two types. Firstly, there are chemical treatments such as chlorine, chlorine dioxide, monochloramine, ozone, and copper-silver ionization. Secondly, there are physical treatments such as thermal inactivation and media filtration. Their shortcomings range from being labor-intensive and costly to having negative health effects if not properly operated. Recently developed technologies including ultraviolet (UV) irradiation using light emitting diodes (LEDs) and innovative carbon nanotube (CNT) filters can better control waterborne pathogens by allowing for the simultaneous use of different treatment measures in plumbing systems.
本综述讨论了最常见且广为人知的水源性病原体，以及潜在处理技术的进展。与之相关的病例数量持续上升，公众对其的认知度也在提高。目前，美国与建筑物内部管道系统相关的病例占军团病病例的最大比例。因此，了解此类病原体固然重要，但研究如何处理建筑物内部管道系统中的饮用水以去除军团菌和其他水源性病原体也同样重要。虽然目前有几种方法被认为是灭活水源性病原体的潜在手段，但仍有几个缺点困扰着它们的实施。这些方法一般分为两类。第一类是化学处理方法，如氯、二氧化氯、一氯胺、臭氧和铜银离子化处理。第二类是物理处理方法，如热灭活和介质过滤。它们的缺点包括劳动强度大、成本高，以及如果操作不当会对健康产生负面影响。最近开发的技术，包括使用发光二极管（LED）的紫外线（UV）照射和创新的碳纳米管（CNT）过滤器，可以通过在管道系统中同时使用不同的处理措施，更好地控制水源性病原体。
