Jatho Alfred, Tran Binh Thang, Cambia Jansen Marcos, Nanyingi Miisa, Mugisha Noleb Mugume
Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, KR.
Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala, UG.
Ann Glob Health. 2020 Jul 7;86(1):78. doi: 10.5334/aogh.2873.
Research into aetiologies and prevention of the commonest cancers and implementation of primary and secondary prevention can reduce cancer risk and improve quality of life. Moreover, monitoring the prevalence of cancer risk factors in a specific population helps guide cancer prevention and early detection efforts and national cancer control programming.
This article aims to provide the scope and findings of cancer risk studies conducted in Uganda to guide researchers, health-care professionals, and policymakers.
Between November 2019 to January 2020, we searched peer-reviewed published articles in Pubmed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library (Cochrane central register of controlled trials-CENTRAL). We followed the recommendation of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses - the PRISMA. The primary focus was to identify cancer risk and prevention studies conducted in Uganda and published in peer-reviewed journals from January 2000 and January 2020. We used key Boolean search terms with their associated database strings.
We identified 416 articles, screened 269 non-duplicate articles and obtained 77 full-text articles for review. Out of the 77 studies, we identified one (1%) randomized trial, two (2.5%) retrospective cohort studies and 14 (18%) case-control studies, 46 (60%) cross-sectional studies, five (6.4%) ecological studies, three panel studies (4%) and six (8%) qualitative studies. Cervical cancer was the most studied type of cancer in Uganda (23.4%, n = 18 studies), followed by lymphomas - both Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin sub-types (20.7%), n = 16 studies) and breast cancer (15.6%, n = 12 studies). In lymphoma studies, Burkitt lymphoma was the most studied type of lymphoma (76%, n = 13 studies). The studies concentrated on specific cancer risk awareness, risk perceptions, attitudes, uptake of screening, uptake of human papillomavirus vaccination, the prevalence of some of the known cancer risk factors and obstacles to accessing screening services.
The unmet need for comprehensive cancer risk and prevention studies is enormous in Uganda. Future studies need to comprehensively investigate the known and putative cancer risk factors and prioritize the application of the higher-hierarchy evidence-generating epidemiological studies to guide planning of the national cancer control program.
对最常见癌症的病因及预防进行研究，并实施一级和二级预防措施，可降低癌症风险，提高生活质量。此外，监测特定人群中癌症风险因素的流行情况有助于指导癌症预防、早期检测工作以及国家癌症控制规划。
本文旨在介绍乌干达开展的癌症风险研究的范围和结果，以指导研究人员、医疗保健专业人员和政策制定者。
2019年11月至2020年1月期间，我们在PubMed、EMBASE和Cochrane图书馆（Cochrane对照试验中心注册库-CENTRAL）中检索了经同行评审发表的文章。我们遵循了系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）的建议。主要重点是确定2000年1月至2020年1月期间在乌干达开展并发表于同行评审期刊上的癌症风险与预防研究。我们使用了关键布尔搜索词及其相关的数据库字符串。
我们识别出416篇文章，筛选了269篇非重复文章，并获取了77篇全文文章以供评审。在这77项研究中，我们确定了1项（1%）随机试验、2项（2.5%）回顾性队列研究和14项（18%）病例对照研究、46项（60%）横断面研究、5项（6.4%）生态学研究、3项专题小组研究（4%）和6项（8%）定性研究。宫颈癌是乌干达研究最多的癌症类型（23.4%，n = 18项研究），其次是淋巴瘤——包括霍奇金淋巴瘤和非霍奇金淋巴瘤亚型（20.7%，n = 16项研究）以及乳腺癌（15.6%，n = 12项研究）。在淋巴瘤研究中，伯基特淋巴瘤是研究最多的淋巴瘤类型（76%，n = 13项研究）。这些研究集中在特定癌症风险意识、风险认知、态度、筛查接受情况、人乳头瘤病毒疫苗接种接受情况、一些已知癌症风险因素的流行情况以及获得筛查服务的障碍。
在乌干达，对全面癌症风险和预防研究的未满足需求巨大。未来的研究需要全面调查已知和假定癌症风险因素，并优先应用更高层次的产生证据的流行病学研究来指导国家癌症控制规划的制定。
