Pyles Morgan B, Fowler Ashley L, Bill Veronica T, Harlow Brittany E, Crum Andrea D, Hayes Susan H, Flythe Michael D, Lawrence Laurie M
Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Lexington, KY.
Transl Anim Sci. 2018 Dec 24;3(1):204-211. doi: 10.1093/tas/txy141. eCollection 2019 Jan.
Adult horses depend on the microbial community in the hindgut to digest fiber and produce short-chain fatty acids that are use for energy. Colonization of the foal gastrointestinal tract is essential to develop this symbiosis. However, factors affecting colonization are not well understood. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the age-related changes and effects of maternal diet on select fecal bacterial groups in foals from 1 to 28 d of age. Thoroughbred foals ( = 18) were from dams fed forage and one of two concentrates: an oat-based (OB) or corn and wheat middlings-based (CWB) pelleted concentrate. The mares had access to assigned concentrates, along with a mixed hay and cool-season grass pasture, 28 d before and 28 d after parturition. Fecal samples were collected from foals at 1 d (14 to 36 h), 4, 14, and 28 d after birth. Fecal samples were serially diluted with phosphate-buffered saline before inoculation of enriched, selective media to enumerate spp., amylolytic bacteria, and cellulolytic bacteria. Enumeration data were log-transformed then analyzed with mixed model analysis of variance with repeated measures (SAS 9.3) to test the main effects of maternal diet (OB or CWB), time of sample, and interaction between maternal diet and time. Cellulolytic bacteria first appeared in foal feces between 4 and 14 d of age and increased with age ( < 0.05). Amylolytic bacteria and lactobacilli were abundant at 1 d and then increased with age ( < 0.05). There was an interaction between maternal diet and time for spp. with OB foals having more lactobacilli than CWB foals at 1 and 4 d ( < 0.05); however, there were no differences observed at 14 d ( > 0.05). Maternal diet did not influence amylolytic or cellulolytic bacteria ( > 0.05). These results indicate that colonization of the hindgut is a sequential process beginning early in the foal's life and that maternal diet may influence some bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of foals.
成年马依靠后肠中的微生物群落来消化纤维并产生用于提供能量的短链脂肪酸。幼驹胃肠道的定殖对于建立这种共生关系至关重要。然而，影响定殖的因素尚未得到充分了解。本研究的目的是评估1至28日龄幼驹中与年龄相关的变化以及母体饮食对选定粪便细菌群的影响。纯种幼驹（n = 18）来自喂食草料和两种浓缩饲料之一的母马：燕麦基（OB）或玉米和小麦麸皮基（CWB）颗粒浓缩饲料。母马在分娩前28天和分娩后28天可以获取指定的浓缩饲料，以及混合干草和冷季草地牧场。在出生后1天（14至36小时）、4天、14天和28天从幼驹采集粪便样本。在接种富集的选择性培养基以计数大肠杆菌、淀粉酶分解菌和纤维素分解菌之前，将粪便样本用磷酸盐缓冲盐水进行系列稀释。对计数数据进行对数转换，然后用重复测量的混合模型方差分析（SAS 9.3）进行分析，以检验母体饮食（OB或CWB）、样本时间以及母体饮食与时间之间相互作用的主要影响。纤维素分解菌在幼驹粪便中首次出现在4至14日龄之间，并随年龄增加（P < 0.05）。淀粉酶分解菌和乳酸菌在1天时数量丰富，然后随年龄增加（P < 0.05）。对于大肠杆菌，母体饮食和时间之间存在相互作用，在1天和4天时，OB幼驹的乳酸菌比CWB幼驹更多（P < 0.05）；然而，在14天时未观察到差异（P > 0.05）。母体饮食不影响淀粉酶分解菌或纤维素分解菌（P > 0.05）。这些结果表明，后肠的定殖是一个从幼驹生命早期就开始的连续过程，并且母体饮食可能会影响幼驹胃肠道中的一些细菌。
