ÉSAD, Université Laval, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, 2325, Rue des Bibliothèques, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
Ville de Québec, 214, Avenue Saint-Sacrement, Suite 210, Québec, G1N 3X6, Canada.
Chemosphere. 2020 Dec;261:127531. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127531. Epub 2020 Jul 5.
Halogenated acetaldehydes (HALs) are widely considered to be the third largest group of identified disinfection by-products (DBPs) by weight in drinking water. In this study, we evaluated various scenarios for the domestic handling of drinking water and their effects on HALs. Two drinking water systems (DS1 and DS2) were selected for this case study. First, tap water samples that were collected in DS1 at different time and from different locations were subjected to three domestic handling scenarios: boiling, domestic filtration using a point-of-use device with a new filter followed by refrigeration, and refrigeration in a covered glass pitcher. In the last two scenarios, the maximum storage (refrigeration) time was 24 h. Second, two water samples each from DS1 and DS2 were collected to investigate the effects that heating water to different temperatures has on HALs. According to the results, boiling the water effectively removed most HALs except dichloroacetaldehyde (DCAL), which increased. In contrast to the variable behaviors of HALs after boiling, all HALs were consistently and significantly reduced by domestic filtration. However, the overall removal efficiency of HALs from filtration (65%) was considerably lower than that from boiling (85%). Finally, refrigeration had no significant impact on the overall concentration of total HALs. However, chloral hydrate levels increased in unfiltered water after refrigeration, likely due to the reaction of chlorine residuals and precursors present in water. Therefore, boiling and domestic filtering of tap water may be recommended for the removal of HALs prior to consuming tap water.
卤代乙二醛（HALs）被广泛认为是饮用水中第三大已识别的消毒副产物（DBPs）组。在本研究中，我们评估了家庭处理饮用水的各种情况及其对 HALs 的影响。选择了两个饮用水系统（DS1 和 DS2）进行案例研究。首先，在 DS1 中从不同时间和不同位置采集的自来水样品分别进行三种家庭处理情况：煮沸、使用新过滤器的现场过滤设备进行家用过滤，然后冷藏，以及在带盖玻璃水罐中冷藏。在后两种情况下，最大储存（冷藏）时间为 24 小时。其次，从 DS1 和 DS2 各采集两个水样，以研究将水加热到不同温度对 HALs 的影响。结果表明，煮沸水可有效去除大部分 HALs，除二氯乙二醛（DCAL）外，后者的浓度增加。与煮沸后 HALs 的可变行为相反，家用过滤可始终如一地显著降低所有 HALs。然而，过滤去除 HALs 的总去除效率（65%）明显低于煮沸（85%）。最后，冷藏对总 HALs 的总体浓度没有显著影响。然而，冷藏后未经过滤的水中氯仿的水平增加，可能是由于水中存在的氯残留和前体的反应所致。因此，在饮用自来水之前，推荐煮沸和家用过滤自来水以去除 HALs。
