Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India.
Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Mech Dev. 2020 Sep;163:103634. doi: 10.1016/j.mod.2020.103634. Epub 2020 Jul 22.
All pancreatic cell populations arise from the standard gut endoderm layer in developing embryos, requiring a regulatory gene network to originate and maintain endocrine lineages and endocrine function. The pancreatic organogenesis is regulated by the temporal expression of transcription factors and plays a diverse role in the specification, development, differentiation, maturation, and functional maintenance. Altered expression and activity of these transcription factors are often associated with diabetes mellitus. Recent advancements in the stem cells and invitro derived islets to treat diabetes mellitus has attracted a great deal of interest in the understanding of factors regulating the development, differentiation, and functions of islets including transcription factors. This review discusses the myriad of transcription factors regulating the development of the pancreas, differentiation of β-islets, and how these factors regulated in normal and disease states. Exploring these factors in such critical context and exogenous or endogenous expression of development and differentiation-specific transcription factors with improved epigenetic plasticity/signaling axis in diabetic milieu would useful for the development of β-cells from other cell sources.
所有的胰腺细胞群体都来源于发育胚胎中的标准肠道内胚层层，需要一个调节基因网络来起源和维持内分泌谱系和内分泌功能。胰腺发生受转录因子的时空表达调控，在特定、发育、分化、成熟和功能维持中发挥着多样化的作用。这些转录因子的表达和活性改变通常与糖尿病有关。最近在干细胞和体外衍生胰岛治疗糖尿病方面的进展，引起了人们对调节胰岛发育、分化和功能的因素（包括转录因子）的极大兴趣。本文综述了调节胰腺发育、β-胰岛分化的众多转录因子，以及这些因子在正常和疾病状态下是如何调节的。在这种关键环境中探索这些因子，以及在外源性或内源性表达发育和分化特异性转录因子时改善糖尿病环境中的表观遗传可塑性/信号轴，将有助于从其他细胞来源开发β细胞。
