Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, PR China; The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
School of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
Chemosphere. 2020 Dec;261:127682. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127682. Epub 2020 Jul 16.
Neonicotinoid insecticides (NEOs) have become the most widely used insecticides worldwide, and they are ubiquitous in food (i.e., fruit juices). In the present study, occurrence of seven NEOs and four metabolites (m-NEOs) in 400 fruit juice samples were investigated. NEOs and m-NEOs were frequently detected (65%-86%) in fruit juice samples. The median residues of NEOs and m-NEOs were ranged from 0.06 ng/mL to 0.94 ng/mL. Seasonal variations in NEOs and m-NEOs in fruit juices were found, indicating that the target analyte residues during the dry season were remarkably higher than those of residues during wet season. The relative potency factor (RPF) method was used to integrate individual NEOs into a single metric [imidacloprid (IMI)] representing the intakes of IMI equivalent to total NEOs for each fruit juice sample. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of total NEOs for the general Chinese population was obtained. The median IMI for total fruit juices was 13.4 ng/g, and the median EDI of NEOs was 18.2 ng/kg bw/day for the general population. Although the EDIs in this study were considerably lower than the acceptable daily intake (60 μg/kg bw/day, ADI), the dietary exposure risks for total NEOs should not be ignored because of the increasing usage of NEOs and their ubiquitous presence in fruit juices in China. To the best of our knowledge, this report was the first time to document residues of NEO and m-NEO in fruit juice samples collected from China.
新烟碱类杀虫剂（NEOs）已成为全球使用最广泛的杀虫剂，在食品（即果汁）中无处不在。本研究调查了 400 个果汁样本中 7 种 NEOs 和 4 种代谢物（m-NEOs）的发生情况。NEOs 和 m-NEOs 经常在果汁样本中被检测到（65%-86%）。NEOs 和 m-NEOs 的中位数残留量范围为 0.06ng/mL 至 0.94ng/mL。在果汁中发现了 NEOs 和 m-NEOs 的季节性变化，表明在旱季目标分析物的残留量明显高于雨季的残留量。相对效力因子（RPF）方法用于将单个 NEOs 整合为一个单一指标[吡虫啉（IMI）]，代表每个果汁样本中相当于总 NEOs 的 IMI 摄入量。获得了中国普通人群总 NEOs 的估计每日摄入量（EDI）。总果汁中 IMI 的中位数为 13.4ng/g，普通人群 NEOs 的 EDI 中位数为 18.2ng/kgbw/天。尽管本研究中的 EDI 明显低于可接受的每日摄入量（60μg/kgbw/天，ADI），但由于在中国新烟碱类杀虫剂的使用量不断增加及其在果汁中的普遍存在，不应忽视其对总 NEOs 的膳食暴露风险。据我们所知，这是首次在中国收集的果汁样本中记录 NEO 和 m-NEO 的残留情况。
