Medical Biotechnology & Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Department of Radiation Oncology and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2021;21(2):162-186. doi: 10.2174/1871520620666200728123006.
Cutaneous malignancies most commonly arise from skin epidermal cells. These cancers may rapidly progress from benign to a metastatic phase. Surgical resection represents the gold standard therapeutic treatment of non-metastatic skin cancer while chemo- and/or radiotherapy are often used against metastatic tumors. However, these therapeutic treatments are limited by the development of resistance and toxic side effects, resulting from the passive accumulation of cytotoxic drugs within healthy cells.
This review aims to elucidate how the use of monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs) targeting specific Tumor Associated Antigens (TAAs) is paving the way to improved treatment. These mAbs are used as therapeutic or diagnostic carriers that can specifically deliver cytotoxic molecules, fluorophores or radiolabels to cancer cells that overexpress specific target antigens.
mAbs raised against TAAs are widely in use for e.g. differential diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of skin cancers. Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) particularly show remarkable potential. The safest ADCs reported to date use non-toxic photo-activatable Photosensitizers (PSs), allowing targeted Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) resulting in targeted delivery of PS into cancer cells and selective killing after light activation without harming the normal cell population. The use of near-infrared-emitting PSs enables both diagnostic and therapeutic applications upon light activation at the specific wavelengths.
Antibody-based approaches are presenting an array of opportunities to complement and improve current methods employed for skin cancer diagnosis and treatment.
皮肤恶性肿瘤最常起源于表皮细胞。这些癌症可能会从良性迅速发展为转移性阶段。手术切除是治疗非转移性皮肤癌的金标准治疗方法，而化疗和/或放疗通常用于转移性肿瘤。然而，这些治疗方法受到耐药性和毒副作用的限制，这是由于细胞毒性药物在健康细胞中的被动积累所致。
本综述旨在阐明针对特定肿瘤相关抗原（TAA）的单克隆抗体（mAb）的使用如何为改善治疗铺平道路。这些 mAb 可用作治疗或诊断载体，可将细胞毒性分子、荧光团或放射性标记物特异性递送至过度表达特定靶抗原的癌细胞。
针对 TAA 的 mAb 广泛用于例如皮肤癌的鉴别诊断、预后和治疗。抗体药物偶联物（ADC）尤其显示出显著的潜力。迄今为止报道的最安全的 ADC 采用非毒性光活化光敏剂（PS），允许靶向光动力疗法（PDT），在光激活后将 PS 靶向递送至癌细胞并选择性杀死，而不会伤害正常细胞群。近红外发射 PS 的使用允许在特定波长的光激活下进行诊断和治疗应用。
基于抗体的方法为补充和改进当前用于皮肤癌诊断和治疗的方法提供了一系列机会。
