Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2020 Jul 29;6(3):e13235. doi: 10.2196/13235.
Obesity has become a worldwide health problem, caused by multiple and complex factors. To face this challenge, governments have played a central role in combating its rise. Considering this, public policies are introduced or enacted for the benefit of whole populations, taking into account the perspective of multiverse social stakeholders based on solid scientific fundamentals.
The aim of this study was to examine obesity-related public policies in the United States and the District of Columbia, in order to understand their scientific basis.
We analyzed the public policies implemented in the United States from 2003 to 2013, during which time the largest number of obesity-related public policies were introduced, using text mining.
In total, 1592 obesity-related public policies were retrieved from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Multidisciplinary policies were predominant in the documents analyzed (533/1592, 33.5%), followed by health sciences (454/1592, 28.5%), social sciences (330/1592, 20.7%), life sciences (240/1592, 15.1%), and physical sciences (35/1592, 2.2%). Throughout the country, most policies were community oriented (1082/1865, 58.0%) and many of them were related to school and family environments (447/1865, 24.0%), early care and education (75/1865, 4.0%), hospitals (63/1865, 3.4%), and workplaces (47/1865, 2.5%).
The contents of obesity-related public policies were generally uniformly framed across the United States. They were generally based on scientific references, in which there was a predominance of multidisciplinary research. These findings are consistent with what is known about the multiple factors causing obesity and about the methods being developed to control the epidemic.
肥胖已成为全球范围内的健康问题，其产生原因众多且复杂。为应对这一挑战，各国政府在对抗肥胖率上升方面发挥了核心作用。有鉴于此，政府会出台或颁布各项公共政策，以全体民众为受益对象，同时兼顾多元社会利益相关者的观点，这些政策均以坚实的科学基础为依据。
本研究旨在分析美国和哥伦比亚特区的肥胖相关公共政策，以了解其科学依据。
我们使用文本挖掘的方法，分析了美国在 2003 年至 2013 年期间实施的公共政策，这一时期引入了数量最多的肥胖相关公共政策。
共从美国疾病控制与预防中心检索到 1592 项肥胖相关公共政策。在分析的文件中，多学科政策占主导地位（533/1592，33.5%），其次是健康科学（454/1592，28.5%）、社会科学（330/1592，20.7%）、生命科学（240/1592，15.1%）和物理科学（35/1592，2.2%）。在全国范围内，大多数政策都以社区为导向（1082/1865，58.0%），许多政策与学校和家庭环境有关（447/1865，24.0%）、早期保育和教育（75/1865，4.0%）、医院（63/1865，3.4%）和工作场所（47/1865，2.5%）。
美国的肥胖相关公共政策内容基本一致。这些政策通常基于科学参考，其中多学科研究占主导地位。这些发现与导致肥胖的多种因素以及用于控制肥胖流行的方法是一致的。
