Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel-School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, Maharashtra, India.
Biochem J. 2020 Jul 31;477(14):2679-2696. doi: 10.1042/BCJ20200426.
The intestinal microbial flora has risen to be one of the important etiological factors in the development of diseases like colorectal cancer, obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, anxiety and Parkinson's. The emergence of the association between bacterial flora and lungs led to the discovery of the gut-lung axis. Dysbiosis of several species of colonic bacteria such as Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and transfer of these bacteria from gut to lungs via lymphatic and systemic circulation are associated with several respiratory diseases such as lung cancer, asthma, tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis, etc. Current therapies for dysbiosis include use of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics to restore the balance between various species of beneficial bacteria. Various approaches like nanotechnology and microencapsulation have been explored to increase the permeability and viability of probiotics in the body. The need of the day is comprehensive study of mechanisms behind dysbiosis, translocation of microbiota from gut to lung through various channels and new technology for evaluating treatment to correct this dysbiosis which in turn can be used to manage various respiratory diseases. Microfluidics and organ on chip model are emerging technologies that can satisfy these needs. This review gives an overview of colonic commensals in lung pathology and novel systems that help in alleviating symptoms of lung diseases. We have also hypothesized new models to help in understanding bacterial pathways involved in the gut-lung axis as well as act as a futuristic approach in finding treatment of respiratory diseases caused by dysbiosis.
肠道微生物菌群已成为结直肠癌、肥胖症、糖尿病、炎症性肠病、焦虑症和帕金森病等疾病的重要病因之一。细菌菌群与肺部之间的关联的出现导致了肠肺轴的发现。几种结肠细菌（如厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门）的失调以及这些细菌通过淋巴和全身循环从肠道转移到肺部与几种呼吸道疾病（如肺癌、哮喘、肺结核、囊性纤维化等）有关。目前治疗菌群失调的方法包括使用益生菌、益生元和合生菌来恢复各种有益细菌之间的平衡。人们已经探索了各种方法，如纳米技术和微囊化，以提高益生菌在体内的通透性和存活率。目前的当务之急是全面研究菌群失调、微生物群通过各种途径从肠道转移到肺部的机制以及评估治疗方法以纠正这种失调的新技术，这反过来又可以用于治疗各种呼吸道疾病。微流控和器官芯片模型是新兴技术，可以满足这些需求。本文综述了肺部病理学中的结肠共生菌和有助于缓解肺部疾病症状的新型系统。我们还假设了新的模型，以帮助理解涉及肠肺轴的细菌途径，并作为治疗由菌群失调引起的呼吸道疾病的未来方法。
