Aging- and temperature-related activity of spermatogonial stem cells for germ cell transplantation in medaka.

Spermatogonial transplantation can contribute to developing a novel method of producing seedlings for both aquaculture and biotic conservation. This study's purpose was to investigate aging- and temperature-related changes in the numbers and stem cell functions of type-A spermatogonia (ASG) in the model fish medaka (Oryzias latipes). The ASG numbers in medaka of different ages were quantified via histological observation and enzymatic dissociation of vasa-Gfp medaka testes. The ASG numbers were higher in eight-month-old medaka (maturation) than in four-month-old medaka (the onset of maturation). However, ASG numbers decreased in 18-month-old medaka (senescence). Low water temperature appeared to slow down both testis development and aging processes. To study the effects of aging on ASG stem cell activity, testicular cell suspensions containing GFP-expressed ASG were prepared from vasa-Gfp medaka donors at 4 and 18 months of age and transplanted into recipient hybrid larvae of medaka (O. latipes x O. curvinotus), which provided young stem-cell-niches. The findings revealed no significant differences in ASG colonization rates isolated from medaka of different ages. Each group displayed similar rates of germ-line transmission. Furthermore, water temperature had no significant effects on each ASG's stem cell activity. Taken together, these results indicated that aging and temperature affect ASG numbers. However, ASG isolated from medaka with different ages were transplanted into gonads with a young niche microenvironment, and there was no evidence of donor aging on stem cell activity.