Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, D-30559, Hannover, Germany.
Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 2, D-30559, Hannover, Germany.
BMC Vet Res. 2020 Jul 29;16(1):263. doi: 10.1186/s12917-020-02473-6.
The left atrium (LA) is an important prognostic parameter in cardiac pathologies of cats. Its size is currently measured in one-dimensional methods, while human medicine considers two- and three-dimensional echocardiography as standard. The objectives of this study were to compare monoplane, biplane, triplane and real-time three dimensional echocardiography for volumetric measurement of the left atrium in healthy cats and establish a reference interval for further studies on cats with heart disease. Additionally, the influence of age, sex and weight on left atrial volume (LAV) was tested.
One dimensional monoplane Simpson method of discs (SMOD) in the right parasternal four chamber view (r4) and the left apical 2 chamber view (l2) as well as biplane SMOD had no significant difference for left atrial maximum volume (LAMax). They can be used as equivalent in future studies and one common reference range was set up (1.96 ± 0.54 ml). Those three methods produced significantly higher volumes than triplane echocardiography (RTTPE) and real time three dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) using TomTec® software. LA volumetry with RTTPE and RT3DE-TomTec™ was more feasible than expected, but low RT3DE image quality was the main reason for excluding patients. Neither age nor weight had an influence on LA volume in healthy cats. Male LAV results were only slightly, but in 2D and RTTPE significantly higher than those of female cats with a range of + 10.46% to + 19.58%.
Monoplane, biplane, triplane and real-time three dimensional echocardiography were feasible for LA volumetry in healthy cats and showed acceptable intra- and interobserver variability. One common LAMax reference range for monoplane r4, l2 and biplane SMOD was set up. Raw data can be used for LA volumes and does not need to be correlated with the cat's weight or age. Male cats have only slightly but significantly larger atria than females in 2D and RTTPE. Therefore, under reservation, also sex related limit values were defined.
左心房（LA）是猫心脏病理学中的一个重要预后参数。目前，其大小通过一维方法进行测量，而在人类医学中，二维和三维超声心动图被视为标准方法。本研究的目的是比较单平面、双平面、三平面和实时三维超声心动图在健康猫左心房容积测量中的应用，并为进一步研究心脏病猫建立参考区间。此外，还测试了年龄、性别和体重对左心房容积（LAV）的影响。
右胸骨旁四腔心切面（r4）和左心尖两腔心切面（l2）的单平面 Simpson 法 discs（SMOD）以及双平面 SMOD 对左心房最大容积（LAMax）没有显著差异。在未来的研究中，它们可以作为等效方法使用，并建立一个共同的参考范围（1.96±0.54ml）。这三种方法得出的左心房容积均显著高于三平面超声心动图（RTTPE）和 TomTec®软件的实时三维超声心动图（RT3DE）。使用 RTTPE 和 RT3DE-TomTec™进行左心房容积测量比预期更为可行，但低质量的 RT3DE 图像是排除患者的主要原因。在健康猫中，年龄和体重均对左心房容积没有影响。雄性猫的 LAV 结果仅略高于雌性，但在二维和 RTTPE 中，雄性猫的 LAV 结果显著高于雌性，范围为+10.46%至+19.58%。
单平面、双平面、三平面和实时三维超声心动图均可用于健康猫的左心房容积测量，具有可接受的内和观察者间变异性。建立了单平面 r4、l2 和双平面 SMOD 的共同 LAMax 参考范围。原始数据可用于左心房容积测量，无需与猫的体重或年龄相关联。在二维和 RTTPE 中，雄性猫的左心房仅略大于雌性，但具有统计学意义。因此，在保留的情况下，还定义了与性别相关的限值。
