Surgical indications and techniques for posterior pharyngeal flap revision.

Twenty-four patients underwent surgical revision of posterior pharyngeal flaps for correction of abnormal vocal resonance, nasal air escape, or sleep apnea. Anatomical findings upon operation are correlated with preoperative symptoms, and an operative approach is outlined. Overall, 67% of the total group (16 patients) were improved after revision, with the most marked improvement seen in those with preoperative hypernasality or airway obstruction.