Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2020;159:4-33. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.07.019. Epub 2020 Jul 27.
With cardiovascular disease being the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, effective and cost-efficient therapies to reduce cardiovascular risk are highly needed. Lipids and lipoprotein particles crucially contribute to atherosclerosis as underlying pathology of cardiovascular disease and influence inflammatory processes as well as function of leukocytes, vascular and cardiac cells, thereby impacting on vessels and heart. Statins form the first-line therapy with the aim to block cholesterol synthesis, but additional lipid-lowering drugs are sometimes needed to achieve low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol target values. Furthermore, beyond LDL cholesterol, also other lipid mediators contribute to cardiovascular risk. This review comprehensively discusses low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein (a), triglycerides as well as fatty acids and derivatives in the context of cardiovascular disease, providing mechanistic insights into their role in pathological processes impacting on cardiovascular disease. Also, an overview of applied as well as emerging therapeutic strategies to reduce lipid-induced cardiovascular burden is provided.
心血管疾病是全球发病率和死亡率的主要原因，因此非常需要有效且经济高效的疗法来降低心血管风险。脂质和脂蛋白颗粒是心血管疾病病理基础动脉粥样硬化的关键因素，它们影响炎症过程以及白细胞、血管和心脏细胞的功能，从而对血管和心脏产生影响。他汀类药物是治疗的首选药物，旨在阻断胆固醇合成，但有时需要额外的降脂药物来达到低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇的目标值。此外，除了 LDL 胆固醇外，其他脂质介质也会增加心血管风险。这篇综述全面讨论了低和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、脂蛋白（a）、甘油三酯以及脂肪酸及其衍生物在心血管疾病中的作用，深入探讨了它们在影响心血管疾病的病理过程中的作用。此外，还概述了用于降低脂质引起的心血管负担的现有和新兴治疗策略。
