Chatterjee Priya, Arora Sakshi, Rai Pooja, Diwakar Latha, Issac Thomas G, Sundarakumar Jonas S
Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
BMC Public Health. 2025 Aug 22;25(1):2895. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-22625-3.
Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The prevalence of dyslipidemia varies by geographic location, often higher in urban populations. Our study aimed to assess the prevalence of dyslipidemia in the aging Indian population and compare the rural-urban differences in lipid abnormalities.
We analyzed baseline cross-sectional data from two longitudinal aging cohorts in rural and urban southern India- 2,797 participants from the rural (CBR-SANSCOG) cohort in Srinivaspura, Karnataka, and, 430 participants from the urban (CBR-TLSA) cohort in Bangalore, Karnataka. Participants aged ≥ 45 years were included, and those with dementia, severe psychiatric/medical illnesses, and severe visual/hearing impairments were excluded. Data on sociodemographic variables, physical activity, tobacco/alcohol use, BMI, diagnosis of diabetes, hypertension, and other medical comorbidities were collected. Lipid profiles were measured from fasting peripheral venous blood samples using standard laboratory techniques and lipid abnormalities were classified based on the NCEP ATP-III criteria. Proportions of lipid abnormalities were compared between the two populations using the two-proportions Z-test, and risk factors associated with dyslipidemia were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression models.
The prevalence of high total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) was significantly greater in the urban than rural population (TC: 37.0% vs. 28.4% p < 0.001 and LDL-c: 33.5% vs. 26.8%, p < 0.01, respectively), while the prevalence of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c: 72.4% vs. 44.2%, p <0.001), high triglycerides (TG: 45.7% vs. 38.6%, p <0.01) and lipid risk ratios (TC/HDL-c, TG/HDL-c and LDL-c/HDL-c) was higher in the rural than urban population. Females in both urban and rural populations were at a higher risk of having multiple lipid abnormalities. For the other risk factors assessed, while diabetes, overweight, obesity, and physical inactivity were associated with increased risks for certain lipid abnormalities, these associations were less pronounced in the urban population.
Aging Indians, both in rural and urban settings, have an alarmingly high prevalence of lipid abnormalities. Considering an elevated cardiovascular disease risk associated with lipid abnormalities, targeted interventions towards these communities are necessary to reduce the disease burden.
血脂异常是心血管疾病（CVD）的主要危险因素。血脂异常的患病率因地理位置而异，在城市人群中通常更高。我们的研究旨在评估印度老年人群中血脂异常的患病率，并比较城乡在脂质异常方面的差异。
我们分析了印度南部农村和城市两个纵向老年队列的基线横断面数据——来自卡纳塔克邦斯里尼瓦斯普拉农村（CBR-SANSCOG）队列的2797名参与者，以及来自卡纳塔克邦班加罗尔城市（CBR-TLSA）队列的430名参与者。纳入年龄≥45岁的参与者，排除患有痴呆、严重精神/医学疾病以及严重视力/听力障碍的人。收集了社会人口统计学变量、身体活动、烟草/酒精使用、体重指数、糖尿病诊断、高血压和其他医学合并症的数据。使用标准实验室技术从空腹外周静脉血样本中测量血脂谱，并根据美国国家胆固醇教育计划成人治疗小组第三次报告（NCEP ATP-III）标准对脂质异常进行分类。使用双比例Z检验比较两个人群中脂质异常的比例，并使用多变量逻辑回归模型分析与血脂异常相关的危险因素。
城市人群中高总胆固醇（TC）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-c）的患病率显著高于农村人群（TC：37.0%对28.4%，p<0.001；LDL-c：33.5%对26.8%，p<0.01），而农村人群中低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-c：72.4%对44.2%，p<0.001）、高甘油三酯（TG：45.7%对38.6%，p<0.01）以及脂质风险比（TC/HDL-c、TG/HDL-c和LDL-c/HDL-c）的患病率高于城市人群。城乡女性患多种脂质异常的风险更高。对于评估的其他危险因素，虽然糖尿病、超重、肥胖和身体不活动与某些脂质异常风险增加相关，但这些关联在城市人群中不太明显。
印度农村和城市的老年人中，脂质异常的患病率高得惊人。考虑到脂质异常与心血管疾病风险升高相关，有必要针对这些社区进行有针对性的干预，以减轻疾病负担。
