Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Spatial Science for Public Health Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Health Sciences Center for Chemical Regulation and Food Safety, Exponent, Inc., Washington, DC, United States of America.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Nov 25;745:140795. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140795. Epub 2020 Jul 12.
Non-cholera Vibrio bacteria are a major cause of foodborne illness in the United States. Raw oysters are commonly implicated in gastroenteritis caused by pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus. In response to outbreaks in 1997-1998, the US Food and Drug Administration developed a nation-wide quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) of V. parahaemolyticus in raw oysters in 2005. The QMRA identified information gaps that new research may address. Incidence of sporadic V. parahaemolyticus illness has recently increased and, as oyster consumption increases and sea temperatures rise, V. parahaemolyticus outbreaks may become more frequent, posing health concerns. Updated and region-specific QMRAs will improve the accuracy and precision of risk of infection estimates.
We identify research to support an updated QMRA of V. parahaemolyticus from oysters harvested in Chesapeake Bay and Puget Sound, focusing on observational and experimental research on post-harvest practices (PHPs) published from 2004 to 2019.
A predefined search strategy was applied to PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Science.gov, NAL Agricola, and Google Scholar. Study eligibility criteria were defined using a population, intervention, comparator, and outcome statement. Reviewers independently coded abstracts for inclusion/exclusion using predefined criteria. Data were extracted and study quality and relevance evaluated based on published guidance for food safety risk assessments. Findings were synthesized using a weight of evidence approach.
Of 12,174 articles retrieved, 93 were included for full-text review. Twenty-seven studies were found to be high quality and high relevance, including studies on cold storage, high hydrostatic pressure, depuration, and disinfectant, and other PHPs. High hydrostatic pressure consistently emerged as the most effective PHP in reducing abundance of V. parahaemolyticus.
Limitations of the knowledge base and review approach involve the type and quantity of data reported. Future research should focus on PHPs for which few or no high quality and high relevance studies exist, such as irradiation and relaying.
非霍乱弧菌是美国食源性疾病的主要原因。生牡蛎通常与致病性副溶血性弧菌引起的肠胃炎有关。针对 1997-1998 年的疫情，美国食品药品监督管理局于 2005 年制定了全国范围内生牡蛎中副溶血性弧菌的定量微生物风险评估 (QMRA)。QMRA 确定了新研究可能解决的信息差距。散发性副溶血性弧菌病的发病率最近有所增加，随着牡蛎消费的增加和海水温度的升高，副溶血性弧菌疫情可能变得更加频繁，对健康构成威胁。更新和特定地区的 QMRA 将提高感染风险估计的准确性和精度。
我们确定了支持切萨皮克湾和普吉特湾收获的牡蛎中副溶血性弧菌更新的 QMRA 的研究，重点是 2004 年至 2019 年发表的关于收获后实践 (PHP) 的观察性和实验性研究。
应用预定义的搜索策略在 PubMed、Embase、Scopus、Science.gov、NAL Agricola 和 Google Scholar 中进行搜索。使用人群、干预、比较和结果陈述来定义研究资格标准。审查员使用预定义标准独立对摘要进行编码以确定纳入/排除。根据食品安全风险评估的出版指南，提取数据并评估研究质量和相关性。使用证据权重方法综合研究结果。
从 12174 篇文章中检索到 93 篇进行全文审查。发现 27 项研究具有高质量和高相关性，包括关于冷藏、高静压、净化和消毒剂以及其他 PHP 的研究。高静压始终是减少副溶血性弧菌丰度的最有效 PHP。
知识库和审查方法的局限性在于报告的数据类型和数量。未来的研究应侧重于缺乏高质量和高相关性研究的 PHP，例如辐照和中继。
