Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
Br J Dev Psychol. 2021 Jun;39(2):282-298. doi: 10.1111/bjdp.12344. Epub 2020 Jul 30.
To address gaps in previous research, we examined daily within-person associations between awareness of age-related change (AARC) and cognitive performance in older adults. One hundred twelve adults aged 60-90 participated in an online daily diary study for nine consecutive days. On Day 1, they reported demographic information. On Days 2-9, they reported daily AARC, subjective age, and stressors and completed three tasks that gauged memory (word recall), perceptual speed (number comparison), and reasoning (letter series), respectively, once per day. Unconditional multilevel models revealed significant within-person fluctuations in daily cognitive performance and daily AARC. Controlling for age, education, health, and daily stressors, daily awareness of age-related losses was negatively associated with letter series scores of the same day and changes from one day to the next. The effects held over and above AARC gains and subjective age. Dynamic, naturally occurring perceptions of ageing may influence within-person concurrent and subsequent changes in reasoning performance on a daily basis and point to a promising avenue of intervention.
为了解决先前研究中的空白，我们考察了老年人对与年龄相关变化的意识（AARC）与认知表现之间的日常个体内关联。112 名年龄在 60-90 岁的成年人参与了为期 9 天的在线日常日记研究。在第 1 天，他们报告了人口统计学信息。在第 2-9 天，他们每天报告 AARC、主观年龄和压力源，并分别每天完成三项任务，以衡量记忆（单词回忆）、知觉速度（数字比较）和推理（字母系列）。无条件多层模型显示，日常认知表现和日常 AARC 存在显著的个体内波动。控制年龄、教育、健康和日常压力源后，每日对年龄相关损失的认识与当天的字母系列得分以及从一天到下一天的变化呈负相关。这些影响在 AARC 收益和主观年龄之上仍然存在。动态的、自然发生的衰老感知可能会影响个体在日常基础上的推理表现的同时和后续变化，并为干预提供了一个有前途的途径。
