Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
PLoS Biol. 2020 Jul 31;18(7):e3000810. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000810. eCollection 2020 Jul.
The temporal association cortex is considered a primate specialization and is involved in complex behaviors, with some, such as language, particularly characteristic of humans. The emergence of these behaviors has been linked to major differences in temporal lobe white matter in humans compared with monkeys. It is unknown, however, how the organization of the temporal lobe differs across several anthropoid primates. Therefore, we systematically compared the organization of the major temporal lobe white matter tracts in the human, gorilla, and chimpanzee great apes and in the macaque monkey. We show that humans and great apes, in particular the chimpanzee, exhibit an expanded and more complex occipital-temporal white matter system; additionally, in humans, the invasion of dorsal tracts into the temporal lobe provides a further specialization. We demonstrate the reorganization of different tracts along the primate evolutionary tree, including distinctive connectivity of human temporal gray matter.
颞叶联合皮质被认为是灵长类动物的特有区域，参与复杂行为，其中一些行为，如语言，尤其具有人类特征。这些行为的出现与人类与猴子相比，颞叶白质存在明显差异有关。然而，目前尚不清楚几个类人猿灵长类动物的颞叶组织有何不同。因此，我们系统比较了人类、大猩猩和黑猩猩等大猿类以及猕猴的主要颞叶白质束的组织。我们发现，人类和大猿类，特别是黑猩猩，表现出扩张和更复杂的枕颞白质系统；此外，在人类中，背侧束侵入颞叶提供了进一步的专门化。我们证明了不同束在灵长类进化树上的重新组织，包括人类颞叶灰质的独特连接性。
