University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Dev Comp Immunol. 2020 Dec;113:103789. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103789. Epub 2020 Jul 28.
The terrestrial crustacean Porcellio scaber (Crustacea: Isopoda) is an established invertebrate model in environmental research. Preceding research using isopods did not widely use immune markers. In order to advance their use in research, knowledge of the reference values in control animals as well as variations during infections is of importance. This study presents, for the first time, the morphology, and ultrastructure of the three main haemocyte types of Porcellio scaber as semigranulocytes (SGCs), granulocytes (GCs), and hyalinocytes (HCs), with the latter having two subtypes, using various light and electron microscopy approaches. The modulation of selected immune cellular and humoral parameters of P. scaber in symptomatic phases of Rhabdochlamydia porcellionis and Iridovirus IIV-31 infections is presented. A clear difference in the immune responses of bacterial and viral infections was shown. Remarkable changes in total haemocyte count (THC) values and the proportions of three different haemocyte types were found in animals with a viral infection, which were not as significant in bacterially infected animals. Modified NO levels and SOD activity were more pronounced in cases of bacterial infection. Knowledge of the morphological and ultrastructural features of distinct haemocyte types, understanding the baseline values of immune parameters in control animals without evident symptoms of infection, and the influence that infections can have on these parameters can serve as a basis for the further use of P. scaber immune markers in environmental research.
陆生甲壳动物扁卷螺(甲壳纲:等足目)是环境研究中一种成熟的无脊椎动物模型。之前使用等足类动物的研究并没有广泛使用免疫标志物。为了推进它们在研究中的应用,了解对照动物的参考值以及感染过程中的变化非常重要。本研究首次使用各种光镜和电镜方法,展示了扁卷螺的三种主要血细胞类型的形态和超微结构,分别为半颗粒细胞(SGCs)、粒细胞(GCs)和透明细胞(HCs),其中透明细胞有两种亚型。本文还介绍了 Rhabdochlamydia porcellionis 和 Iridovirus IIV-31 感染的症状期对扁卷螺选择免疫细胞和体液参数的调制。结果表明,细菌和病毒感染的免疫反应存在明显差异。在感染病毒的动物中,总血细胞计数(THC)值和三种不同血细胞类型的比例发生了显著变化,而在感染细菌的动物中则不那么显著。在细菌感染的情况下,NO 水平和 SOD 活性的变化更为明显。了解不同血细胞类型的形态和超微结构特征,了解无明显感染症状对照动物的免疫参数的基础值,以及感染对这些参数的影响,可以为进一步将扁卷螺的免疫标志物应用于环境研究提供基础。