Grup de Nutrició Comunitària i Estrès Oxidatiu, IUNICS, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), E-07120, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), E-07120, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
Chemosphere. 2020 Dec;261:127773. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127773. Epub 2020 Jul 24.
Pollution derived from human activities and the arrival of invasive species are common worldwide and affect coastal marine ecosystems negatively, and more especially in a semi-closed sea such as the Mediterranean Sea. The aim of the study was to evaluate oxidative stress biomarkers in the gonadal tissue of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) sampled in different areas of Sant Antoni de Portmany (Ibiza Island, Spain) with different anthropic activities, and in an area deeply covered by the invasive red algae Lophocladia lallemandii. The densities of P. lividus were higher in the area with the greatest anthropogenic influence, while the area invaded by L. lallemandii showed the lowest density. A significant increase in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GRd) and the phase II detoxifying enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST) was found in the most impacted area by the human activity. Moreover, malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrite levels were also increased in the most impacted area. Similarly, the presence of L. lallemandii induced oxidative stress in P. lividus evidenced by a significant increase in all analysed biomarkers. In conclusion, changes in oxidative stress biomarkers are a good proxy to evaluate the impacts induced by anthropogenic activities and by the presence of invasive algae to P. lividus.
人为活动造成的污染和入侵物种的到来在全球范围内很常见，对沿海海洋生态系统造成负面影响，在半封闭的地中海等海域更是如此。本研究的目的是评估不同人为活动影响下和被入侵红藻洛巴藻（Lophocladia lallemandii）严重覆盖的桑坦托尼德波特曼尼（伊维萨岛，西班牙）地区的海胆（Paracentrotus lividus）性腺组织中的氧化应激生物标志物。在人类活动影响最大的地区，P. lividus 的密度更高，而被 L. lallemandii 入侵的地区密度最低。在受人类活动影响最大的地区，抗氧化酶过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）和谷胱甘肽还原酶（GRd）以及 II 期解毒酶谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶（GST）的活性显著增加。此外，丙二醛（MDA）和亚硝酸盐水平在受影响最大的地区也有所增加。同样，L. lallemandii 的存在也会导致 P. lividus 产生氧化应激，所有分析的生物标志物都显著增加。总之，氧化应激生物标志物的变化是评估人为活动和入侵藻类对 P. lividus 影响的一个很好的指标。
