Comparative study of AQP4 antibody-related diseases and MOG antibody-related diseases among the population in Hunan, China.

To compare the clinical, imaging, and prognostic characteristics of AQP4 antibody-related diseases and MOG antibody-related diseases. The clinical data of 56 AQP4 antibody-positive patients and 14 MOG antibody-positive patients in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from June 2016 to June 2019 were collected. 92.9% of the patients with positive AQP4 antibody were females and 64.3% of patients with positive MOG antibody were females (P = 0.004). Patients with positive AQP4 antibody were more likely to have limb movement (P < 0.001) or limb sensory dysfunction (P < 0.001), and were more likely to have limb twitching (P = 0.036). In addition, AQP4 antibody-positive patients were more likely to have positive ANA (P = 0.013) and SSA antibody (P = 0.029), Ro-52 antibody (P = 0.047), immunoglobulin (P = 0.007), thyroid antibody (P = 0.007), abnormal C3 (P = 0.011), abnormal C4 (P = 0.014) than MOG antibody-positive patients. The involvement rate of head in MOG antibody-positive patients was higher than AQP4 antibody-positive patients (P = 0.029). The severity of clinical symptoms in AQP4-positive patients was usually more serious than that in MOG-positive patients (P < 0.001). The residual neurological deficit after treatment in AQP4-positive group was usually more serious than that in MOG-positive group (P < 0.001). AQP4 antibody-positive patients had a higher prevalence in women than MOG antibody-positive patients, and AQP4 antibody-positive patients were more likely to have spinal cord involvement symptoms and connective tissue antibody abnormalities. The EDSS score of them were higher than that of MOG antibody-positive patients after treatment, and the prognosis was worse.