Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Parnaíba Delta, Parnaíba, Brazil.
Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil.
J Pharm Pharmacol. 2020 Dec;72(12):1715-1731. doi: 10.1111/jphp.13344. Epub 2020 Jul 31.
The oral rehydration solution is the most efficient method to treat cholera; however, it does not interfere in the action mechanism of the main virulence factor produced by Vibrio cholerae, the cholera toxin (CT), and this disease still stands out as a problem for human health worldwide. This review aimed to describe therapeutic alternatives available in the literature, especially those related to the search for molecules acting upon the physiopathology of cholera.
New molecules have offered a protection effect against diarrhoea induced by CT or even by infection from V. cholerae. The receptor regulator cystic fibrosis channel transmembrane (CFTR), monosialoganglioside (GM1), enkephalinase, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), inhibitors of expression of virulence factors and activators of ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolase are the main therapeutic targets studied. Many of these molecules or extracts still present unclear action mechanisms.
Knowing therapeutic alternatives and their molecular mechanisms for the treatment of cholera could guide us to develop a new drug that could be used in combination with the rehydration solution.
口服补液盐是治疗霍乱最有效的方法；然而，它并没有干预霍乱弧菌产生的主要毒力因子——霍乱毒素（CT）的作用机制，因此，这种疾病仍然是全球人类健康的一个突出问题。本综述旨在描述文献中可用的治疗方法，特别是那些与寻找针对霍乱病理生理学的分子有关的方法。
一些新的分子可以提供针对 CT 诱导的腹泻甚至霍乱弧菌感染的保护作用。受体调节剂囊性纤维化通道跨膜（CFTR）、单唾液酸神经节苷脂（GM1）、内啡肽酶、AMP 激活的蛋白激酶（AMPK）、毒力因子表达抑制剂和 ADP-核糖精氨酸水解酶激活剂是研究的主要治疗靶点。这些分子或提取物中的许多仍然具有不明确的作用机制。
了解治疗霍乱的替代方法及其分子机制可以指导我们开发一种可与补液盐联合使用的新药。
