Department of International Development at the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Department of Medical Sciences of the Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Acta Med Acad. 2020 Apr;49(1):75-83. doi: 10.5644/ama2006-124.287.
The focus of this article is on the biography and medical activity of Gisela Januszewska (née Rosenfeld) in Austro-Hungarian (AH) occupied Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH) between 1899 and 1912. Rosenfeld, later Januszewska and then Kuhn(ová) by marriage, was the fifth of a total of nine official female physicians who were employed by the AH administration to improve the health and hygienic conditions among Bosnian and Bosnian Muslim women. In 1893, Gisela Kuhn moved from Brno, Moravia to Switzerland to pursue her medical studies; she was awarded her Doctorate in Medicine (MD) from the University of Zurich in 1898. In the same year, she took up her first position as a local health insurance doctor for women and children in Remscheid but was prohibited from practising in the German Empire. In 1899, she successfully applied to the AH authorities for the newly established position of a female health officer in Banjaluka and began working there in July 1899. She lost her civil service status upon marrying her colleague, Dr Wladislaw Januszewski, in 1900 but carried out her previously officially assigned tasks as a private physician. In 1903, she was employed as a 'woman doctor for women' at the newly established municipal outpatient clinic in Banjaluka. Upon her husband's retirement in 1912, the couple left BH and settled in Graz, Styria. After, World War I Januszewska ran a general medical practice in Graz until 1935 and worked as a health insurance-gynaecologist until 1933. She received several AH and Austrian awards and medals for her merits as a physician and a volunteer for humanitarian organisations. Upon Austria's annexation to Nazi Germany 1938, however, she was classified a Jew and was deported to Theresienstadt concentration camp (Terezín, Bohemia), where she died in 1943. CONCLUSION: Gisela Januszewska, née Rosenfeld (1867-1943) viewed her medical practice as a social medicine mission which she put into practice as a 'woman doctor for woman' in Banjaluka, BH (1899-1912) and Graz, Austria (1919-1935).
本文重点介绍吉塞拉·扬泽夫斯卡（婚前姓罗森菲尔德）在 1899 年至 1912 年奥匈帝国占领波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那期间的生平和医疗活动。罗森菲尔德后来改名为扬泽夫斯卡，再婚后又改姓库恩（Kuhn），是奥匈帝国政府雇用的总共九位女性官方医生之一，旨在改善波斯尼亚和波斯尼亚穆斯林妇女的健康和卫生条件。1893 年，吉塞拉·库恩（Gisela Kuhn）从摩拉维亚的布尔诺（Brno）移居瑞士，继续她的医学研究；1898 年，她从苏黎世大学获得医学博士学位。同年，她在雷姆斯基尔德（Remscheid）首次担任当地妇女和儿童医疗保险医生，但在德意志帝国行医被禁止。1899 年，她成功地向奥匈帝国当局申请了新设立的巴尼亚卢卡（Banjaluka）女性卫生官员职位，并于 1899 年 7 月开始在那里工作。1900 年，她与同事弗拉迪斯拉夫·扬泽夫斯基（Wladislaw Januszewski）结婚，失去了公务员身份，但仍作为私人医生履行之前正式分配的任务。1903 年，她在巴尼亚卢卡新成立的市门诊诊所担任“女医生”。1912 年，她的丈夫退休后，这对夫妇离开波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那，定居在施蒂里亚州的格拉茨（Graz）。第一次世界大战后，扬泽夫斯卡（Januszewska）1935 年之前一直在格拉茨经营一家全科诊所，并于 1933 年担任医疗保险妇科医生。她因作为医生和人道主义组织志愿者的功绩而获得了奥匈帝国和奥地利的多项奖项和勋章。然而，1938 年奥地利被纳粹德国吞并后，她被归类为犹太人，并被驱逐到特莱西恩施塔特（Theresienstadt）集中营（波希米亚的特雷斯申斯塔特），1943 年在那里去世。结论：吉塞拉·扬泽夫斯卡（Gisela Januszewska），婚前姓罗森菲尔德（Rosenfeld）（1867-1943 年）将她的医疗实践视为社会医学使命，并于 1899 年至 1912 年在波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的巴尼亚卢卡（Banjaluka）和 1919 年至 1935 年在奥地利的格拉茨（Graz）以“女医生”的身份实践。
