College of Doctoral Studies, University of the Rockies, Colorado Springs, Colorado.
Program Chair, Organizational Development and Leadership, Ashford University College of Doctoral Studies, San Diego, California.
Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2021 Apr;57(2):675-688. doi: 10.1111/ppc.12594. Epub 2020 Aug 1.
The purpose of this study was to address military leader perceptions of their resilience, transformational leadership behaviors, and leadership effectiveness before and after experiencing Mindfulness-Based Attention Training (MBAT).
Participants were formal and informal leaders in the Kansas Air National Guard. The study used a mixed-methods sequential exploratory design. Phase I involved analyzing pretest and posttest results obtained from a Jha Lab study for three self-report assessments in an intervention group (n = 36) vs a control group (n = 37). The qualitative data in phase II was obtained from individual interviews of participants (n = 12) following the Jha Lab study.
The phase I quantitative results confirmed the null hypotheses-no significant differences found-for all research questions. Phase II resulted in eight thematic codes, six of which were central to the experiences described by participants (Halting, Sensing, Being, Shielding, Considering, and Engaging) and two that were not (Obstructing, and Escaping).
The key finding was that the descriptions of mindful thoughts and behaviors were consistent across participants indicating that MBAT accurately presents mindfulness during the course and the training had positive effects on participant mindfulness, primarily in the areas of being present to self, shielding the self through reperceiving, and then consciously altering behavior based on the new perspective. Results should direct future resiliency course development, leadership course curricula, and aid understanding of how leaders mentally conceptualize stress, incorporate resilient behaviors and then apply that knowledge to their own leadership behaviors.
本研究旨在探讨军事领导人在接受正念注意训练（MBAT）前后对自身韧性、变革型领导行为和领导效能的认知。
参与者为堪萨斯州空军国民警卫队的正式和非正式领导人。该研究采用混合方法顺序探索性设计。第一阶段分析了干预组（n=36）和对照组（n=37）在 Jha 实验室研究中三项自我报告评估的前测和后测结果。第二阶段的定性数据来自 Jha 实验室研究后对 12 名参与者的个人访谈。
第一阶段的定量结果证实了所有研究问题的零假设——无显著差异。第二阶段得出了八个主题代码，其中六个与参与者描述的经验有关（停止、感知、存在、屏蔽、考虑和参与），两个与经验无关（阻碍和逃避）。
主要发现是，参与者对正念思维和行为的描述是一致的，这表明 MBAT 在课程中准确呈现了正念，并且培训对参与者的正念产生了积极影响，主要体现在自我觉察、通过重新感知保护自我，以及根据新视角有意识地改变行为等方面。研究结果应指导未来韧性课程的开发、领导力课程的课程设置，并有助于理解领导者如何在心理上概念化压力、采用有韧性的行为，然后将这些知识应用于自身的领导行为。
