Fernandez Anthony Vincent
Faculty of Philosophy, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Department of Philosophy, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA.
J Clin Nurs. 2020 Nov;29(21-22):4403-4412. doi: 10.1111/jocn.15431. Epub 2020 Aug 16.
To demonstrate a conceptual approach to applied phenomenology using the concept of embodiment.
Traditionally, qualitative researchers and healthcare professionals have been taught phenomenological methods, such as the epoché, reduction or bracketing. These methods are typically construed as a way of avoiding biases so that one may attend to the phenomena in an open and unprejudiced way. However, it has also been argued that qualitative researchers and healthcare professionals can benefit from phenomenology's well-articulated theoretical framework, which consists of core concepts, such as selfhood, empathy, temporality, spatiality, affectivity and embodiment.
This is a discursive article that demonstrates a conceptual approach to applied phenomenology.
To outline and explain this approach to applied phenomenology, the Discussion section walks the reader through four stages of phenomenology, which progress incrementally from the most theoretical to the most practical.
Part one introduces the philosophical concept of embodiment, which can be applied broadly to any human subject. Part two shows how philosophically trained phenomenologists use the concept of embodiment to describe general features of illness and disability. Part three illustrates how the phenomenological concept of embodiment can inform empirical qualitative studies and reflects on the challenges of integrating philosophy and qualitative research. Part four turns to phenomenology's application in clinical practice and outlines a workshop model that guides clinicians through the process of using phenomenological concepts to better understand patient experience.
A conceptual approach to applied phenomenology provides a valuable alternative to traditional methodological approaches. Phenomenological concepts provide a foundation for better understanding patient experience in both qualitative health research and clinical practice, and therefore provide resources for enhancing patient care.
运用具身化概念展示一种应用现象学的概念性方法。
传统上，定性研究人员和医疗保健专业人员学习过现象学方法，如悬置、还原或加括号。这些方法通常被视为一种避免偏见的方式，以便人们能够以开放和无偏见的方式关注现象。然而，也有人认为，定性研究人员和医疗保健专业人员可以从现象学清晰阐述的理论框架中受益，该框架由自我、同理心、时间性、空间性、情感性和具身化等核心概念组成。
这是一篇论述性文章，展示了一种应用现象学的概念性方法。
为了概述和解释这种应用现象学的方法，“讨论”部分引导读者经历现象学的四个阶段，这些阶段从最理论性的逐步发展到最实践性的。
第一部分介绍具身化的哲学概念，它可以广泛应用于任何人类主体。第二部分展示受过哲学训练的现象学家如何运用具身化概念来描述疾病和残疾的一般特征。第三部分说明具身化的现象学概念如何为实证定性研究提供信息，并反思整合哲学与定性研究的挑战。第四部分转向现象学在临床实践中的应用，并概述一个工作坊模型，该模型指导临床医生通过运用现象学概念来更好地理解患者体验的过程。
应用现象学的概念性方法为传统方法提供了有价值的替代方案。现象学概念为在定性健康研究和临床实践中更好地理解患者体验提供了基础，因此为加强患者护理提供了资源。
