XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University , Changsha, China.
Hunan Engineering Research Center of Early Life Development and Disease Prevention, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, China.
Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2020 Aug;16(8):813-827. doi: 10.1080/1744666X.2020.1804868. Epub 2020 Aug 12.
Although mounting evidence has linked environmental factors with childhood allergies, some specific key issues still remain unclear: what is the main environmental factor? what is the critical timing window? And whether these contribute to the development of disease?
This selective review summarizes recent epidemiological studies on the association between early-life exposure to indoor/outdoor air pollution and childhood allergic diseases. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed and Web of Science for peer-reviewed articles published until April 2020. Exposure to the traffic-related air pollutant, NO, exposure during pregnancy and early postnatal periods is found to be associated with childhood allergies, and exposure during different trimesters causes different allergic diseases. However, exposure to classical air pollutants (PM and SO) also contributes to childhood allergy in developing countries. In addition, early-life exposure to indoor renovation and mold/dampness significantly increases the risk of allergy in children. A synergistic effect between indoor and outdoor air pollution is found in the development of allergic diseases.
Early-life exposure to outdoor air pollution and indoor environmental factors plays an important role in the development of childhood allergic diseases, and the synergy between indoor and outdoor exposures increases allergy risk. The available findings support the hypothesis of the 'fetal origins of childhood allergy,' with new implications for the effective control and early prevention of childhood allergies.
尽管越来越多的证据表明环境因素与儿童过敏有关，但一些具体的关键问题仍不清楚：主要的环境因素是什么？关键的时间窗口是什么？这些因素是否会导致疾病的发展？
本综述总结了近年来关于儿童早期暴露于室内/室外空气污染与儿童过敏性疾病之间关联的流行病学研究。在 PubMed 和 Web of Science 上检索了截至 2020 年 4 月发表的同行评议文章。研究发现，交通相关空气污染物（NO）、孕期和新生儿期暴露与儿童过敏有关，不同孕期的暴露会导致不同的过敏疾病。然而，暴露于传统空气污染物（PM 和 SO）也会导致发展中国家儿童过敏。此外，儿童早期暴露于室内装修和霉菌/潮湿环境显著增加过敏风险。室内和室外空气污染之间存在协同作用，导致过敏疾病的发生。
儿童早期暴露于室外空气污染和室内环境因素在儿童过敏性疾病的发展中起着重要作用，室内和室外暴露的协同作用增加了过敏的风险。现有研究结果支持“儿童过敏的胎儿起源”假说，为有效控制和早期预防儿童过敏提供了新的依据。
