Deng Qihong, Lu Chan, Li Yuguo, Sundell Jan
School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Institute of Environmental Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Environ Res. 2016 Oct;150:119-127. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.05.050. Epub 2016 Jun 6.
Mounting evidence suggests that exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with the development of childhood allergic diseases, but the effect of prenatal exposure to air pollution on the risk of childhood asthma and allergy is unclear.
We evaluated the association between maternal exposure to outdoor air pollution during different trimesters of pregnancy and incidence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema in 2598 preschool children aged 3-6 years in China.
Children's lifetime incidence of allergic diseases was obtained using questionnaire. Individual exposure to outdoor air pollutants during trimesters of pregnancy was estimated by an inverse distance weighted (IDW) method based on the measured concentrations at monitoring stations. We used multiple logistic regression method to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema for per interquartile range (IQR) increase in the exposure to air pollutant in each trimester, which was adjusted for the effect of other air pollutants and its effect in other trimesters by a multi-pollutant/trimester model.
Incidence of asthma (6.8%), allergic rhinitis (7.3%), and eczema (28.6%) in children was associated with maternal exposure to traffic-related pollutant NO2 during entire pregnancy with OR (95% confidence interval [CI]) respectively 1.63 (0.99-2.70), 1.69 (1.03-2.77), and 1.37 (1.04-1.80). After adjustment for other pollutants and trimesters, we found the association was significant only in specific trimester: the first trimester for eczema (1.54, 1.14-2.09), the second trimester for asthma (1.72, 1.02-2.97), and the third trimester for allergic rhinitis (1.77, 1.09-2.89). Sensitivity analysis indicated that the trimester sensitive to the development of allergic diseases was stable.
Maternal exposure to traffic-related air pollutant NO2 during pregnancy, especially in specific trimesters, is associated with an increased risk of developing asthma, rhinitis, and eczema in children. Our results support the hypothesis that childhood allergic diseases originate in fetal life and are triggered by traffic-related air pollution in sensitive trimesters.
越来越多的证据表明，暴露于环境空气污染与儿童过敏性疾病的发生有关，但孕期暴露于空气污染对儿童哮喘和过敏风险的影响尚不清楚。
我们评估了中国2598名3至6岁学龄前儿童的母亲在孕期不同阶段暴露于室外空气污染与哮喘、过敏性鼻炎和湿疹发病率之间的关联。
通过问卷获取儿童过敏性疾病的终生发病率。基于监测站的实测浓度，采用反距离加权（IDW）方法估算孕期各阶段个体对室外空气污染物的暴露量。我们使用多因素逻辑回归方法，估计每个孕期空气污染物暴露量每增加一个四分位数间距（IQR）时哮喘、过敏性鼻炎和湿疹的比值比（OR），并通过多污染物/孕期模型对其他空气污染物的影响及其在其他孕期的影响进行校正。
儿童哮喘（6.8%）、过敏性鼻炎（7.3%）和湿疹（28.6%）的发病率与母亲在整个孕期暴露于交通相关污染物二氧化氮有关，OR（95%置信区间[CI]）分别为1.63（0.99 - 2.70）、1.69（1.03 - 2.77）和1.37（1.04 - 1.80）。在对其他污染物和孕期进行校正后，我们发现该关联仅在特定孕期显著：湿疹在孕早期（1.54，1.14 - 2.09），哮喘在孕中期（1.72，1.02 - 2.97），过敏性鼻炎在孕晚期（1.77，1.09 - 2.89）。敏感性分析表明，对过敏性疾病发展敏感的孕期是稳定的。
母亲在孕期，尤其是在特定孕期暴露于交通相关空气污染物二氧化氮，与儿童患哮喘、鼻炎和湿疹的风险增加有关。我们的结果支持儿童过敏性疾病起源于胎儿期并在敏感孕期由交通相关空气污染引发的假说。
